No. 108 – December 2015 PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION GAZETTE AND NEWSLETTER
CHINA
Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, as amended in 2013
CHAPTER I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated to protect the rights in new varieties of plants, to encourage the
breeding and use of new varieties of plants, and to promote the development of agriculture and forestry.
Article 2
The new plant variety referred to in these Regulations means a cultivated plant variety, or a developed
one based on a discovered wild plant, which is new, distinct, uniform and stable, and whose denomination is adequately designated.
Article 3
The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council (both referred to hereinafter as the “examining and approving authorities”) are jointly responsible, according to the
division of their job responsibilities, for the receipt and examination of applications for rights in new
varieties of plants, and for the grant of rights in new varieties of plants (hereinafter referred to as “variety rights”) in respect of those new varieties of plants that conform to the provisions of these
Regulations.
Article 4
The people’s governments at county level or above or other relevant departments shall reward the entity
which or the person who has accomplished the breeding of a new plant variety that has a bearing on the
national or the public interest, and is of great value for use.
Article 5
The production, sale and dissemination of a new plant variety in respect of which variety rights have been
granted (hereinafter referred to as the “protected variety”) is subject to review and approval under the provisions of relevant national laws and regulations on seeds.
CHAPTER II
CONTENT AND OWNERSHIP OF VARIETY RIGHTS
Article 6
The entity which or the person who has accomplished the breeding has an exclusive right in their
protected variety. Except otherwise provided in these Regulations, no other entity or person shall, without the consent of the holder of the variety rights (hereinafter referred to as the “variety rights
holder”), produce or sell for commercial purposes the propagating material of the said protected variety,
or use for commercial purposes the propagating material of the protected variety in a repeated manner in the production of the propagating material of another variety.
Article 7
In the case of job-related breeding accomplished by any person in undertaking tasks for the entity to which he belongs, or primarily by using the facilities of that entity, the right to file an application for
variety rights in respect of the new plant variety shall belong to the entity in question; for breeding that
is not job-related, the right to file such an application shall belong to the person accomplishing the breeding. Upon approval of the application, the variety rights shall belong to the applicant.
For commissioned breeding or jointly-conducted breeding, the ownership of the variety rights shall be
agreed upon by the parties in a contract; failing such an event, the variety rights shall belong to the entity or person commissioned to conduct or jointly conducting the breeding.
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PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION GAZETTE AND NEWSLETTER No. 108 – December 2015
Article 8
One new plant variety shall be granted only one set of variety rights. If two or more applicants apply
separately for variety rights in respect of the same new plant variety, the variety rights shall be granted
to the person who applies first; in the case of a simultaneous application, the variety rights shall be granted to the person who has first accomplished the breeding of the new plant variety concerned.
Article 9
The right to file an application for variety rights in respect of a new plant variety and the variety rights may be assigned in accordance with the law.
If a Chinese entity or person wishes to assign to a foreigner the right to file an application or the variety
rights in respect of a new plant variety bred in China, such assignment shall be approved by the examining and approving authorities.
In the case of an assignment within China of the right to file an application or of the variety rights by a
State-owned entity, it shall be submitted in accordance with the relevant national regulations for approval by the competent administrative departments concerned.
The parties involved in the assignment of the right to file an application or of the variety rights shall
conclude a written contract, and shall register the assignment before the examining and approving authorities, which in turn shall published the assignment.
Article 10
Without prejudice to other rights of the variety rights holder under these Regulations, the exploitation of the protected variety shall not require authorization from, or payment of royalties to, the variety rights
holder for the following purposes:
(i) exploitation of the protected variety for breeding and other scientific research activities;
(ii) the use for propagating purposes by farmers, on their own holdings, of the propagating material of
the protected variety harvested on their own holdings.
Article 11
The examining and approving authorities may, in the national or the public interest, decide to grant a
compulsory license to exploit new plant varieties, which should be subsequently registered and published.
The entity which or the person who is granted a compulsory license for exploitation shall pay the variety rights holder a reasonable exploitation fee, the amount of which shall be fixed by consultation between
the two parties. Where the parties fail to reach an agreement, the examining and approving authorities
shall adjudicate.
Where the variety rights holder is not satisfied with the decision to grant a compulsory license or is not
satisfied with the adjudication regarding the fee payable for exploitation, he or it may, within three
months from the date of receiving the notification, file a suit with the People’s Court.
Article 12
Regardless of whether or not the term of the protection of the protected variety has expired, the
denomination of the protected variety as used in its registration must be used for sales thereof.
CHAPTER III
CONDITIONS FOR THE GRANT OF VARIETY RIGHTS
Article 13
The new plant variety in respect of which variety rights have been applied for shall be part of the
botanical genera and species included in the national list of protected plant varieties. This list of protected
plant varieties shall be determined and published by the examining and approving authorities.
Article 14
Any plant variety in respect of which variety rights are granted shall have the characteristic of novelty.
Novelty means that the propagating material of the new plant variety in respect of which variety rights are applied for has not been sold prior to the filing date of the application, or has not been for sale, with
the consent of the breeder, for more than one year within the territory of China; the propagating material
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of vines, forest trees, fruit trees and ornamental plants must not have been for sale for more than six
years, or the propagating material of other plant varieties for more than four years, in a foreign territory.
Article 15
Any plant variety in respect of which variety rights are granted shall have the characteristic of distinctness. Distinctness means that the plant variety in respect of which variety rights are applied for
must noticeably distinguish it from any other plant variety known prior to the filing of the application.
Article 16
Any plant variety in respect of which variety rights are granted shall have the characteristic of uniformity.
Uniformity means that the plant variety in respect of which variety rights are applied for is uniform,
subject to the variation that may be expected, in its relevant features or characteristics after propagation.
Article 17
Any plant variety in respect of which variety rights are granted shall have the characteristic of stability.
Stability means that the plant variety in respect of which variety rights are applied for keeps its relevant
features or characteristics unchanged after repeated propagation or at the end of a particular cycle of
propagation.
Article 18
Any plant variety in respect of which variety rights are granted shall have an adequate denomination,
which shall be distinguishable from that for any other known plant variety of the same or similar botanical genus or species. The denomination, after its registration, shall be the generic designation of
the new plant variety in question.
The following shall be avoided in the selection of a denomination for a new variety:
(a) those consisting of only numbers;
(b) those violating social morals;
(c) those that are liable to mislead as to the features or characteristics of the new plant variety, or the
identity of the breeder.
CHAPTER IV
APPLICATION FOR VARIETY RIGHTS AND RECEIPT THEREOF
Article 19
Where Chinese entities and persons apply for variety rights, they may file an application with the
examining and approving authorities directly or through a representative agency commissioned for the purpose.
Where the new plant variety in respect of which Chinese entities and persons apply for variety rights
involves national security or major interests and therefore needs to be kept confidential, it shall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant national regulations.
Article 20
If a foreigner, a foreign enterprise or any other foreign institution files an application for variety rights in China, the application shall be handled under these Regulations in accordance with any agreement
concluded between the country to which the applicant belongs and the People’s Republic of China, or any
international convention to which both countries are party, or on the basis of the principle of reciprocity.
Article 21
For the purposes of applying for variety rights, an application and specification conforming to the
prescribed forms as well as a photograph of the variety shall be submitted to the examining and approving authorities.
The application documents shall be written in Chinese.
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Article 22
The date on which the examining and approving authorities receive the variety rights application
documents shall be the filing date of the application. Where the application documents are filed by mail,
the postmark date shall be the filing date of the application.
Article 23
Where, within 12 months from the date on which any applicant has first filed an application for variety
rights in a foreign country, the said applicant files an application for variety rights in China in respect of the same new plant variety, he or it may, in accordance with any agreement concluded between the said
foreign country and the People’s Republic of China or any international treaty to which both countries are
party, or on the basis of the principle of mutual recognition of the right of priority, enjoy a right of priority.
Any applicant who claims the right of priority shall make a written statement when the application is filed,
and shall submit, within three months, a copy of the variety rights application documents that were first filed, as confirmed by the original receiving authority; if the applicant fails to make the written statement
or fails to submit a copy of the variety rights application documents under the provisions of these
Regulations, the claim to the right of priority shall be deemed not to have been made.
Article 24
Where the variety rights application conforms to Article 21 of the Regulations, the examining and
approving authorities shall accept it, assign the filing date and a filing number and serve notice on the applicant within one month from the receipt of the application to pay an application fee.
Where the variety rights application does not, or after amendment still does not, conform to Article 21 of
the Regulations, the examining and approving authorities shall not accept it and shall notify the applicant accordingly.
Article 25
An applicant may amend or withdraw his or its variety rights application at any time before the variety rights are granted.
Article 26
Any application filed by a Chinese entity or person with a foreign country for variety rights in respect of a new plant variety that has been bred in China shall be registered before the examining and approving
authorities.
CHAPTER V
EXAMINATION AND APPROVAL OF VARIETY RIGHTS
Article 27
Upon payment of the application fee, the examining and approving authorities shall carry out a preliminary examination on the variety rights application to determine the following:
(a) whether it is part of the botanical genera or species included in the list of protected plant varieties;
(b) whether it conforms to the provisions of Article 20 of the Regulations;
(c) whether it conforms to the provisions on novelty;
(d) whether the denomination of the new plant variety is adequate.
Article 28
The examining and approving authorities shall complete the preliminary examination within six months
after the variety rights application is formally received. Where the variety rights application is found
acceptable on preliminary examination, the examining and approving authorities shall have it published and serve notice on the applicant to pay the examination fee within three months.
Where the variety rights application is found unacceptable on preliminary examination, the examining
and approving authorities shall invite the applicant to state his observations or make amendments; where an applicant fails to respond within the time limit or the application is still unacceptable after
amendment, the application shall be refused.
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Article 29
After the applicant has paid the prescribed examination fee, the examining and approving authorities
shall carry out a substantive examination of the distinctness, uniformity and stability of the variety in
respect of which variety rights are applied for.
Where the applicant has not paid the prescribed examination fee, the variety rights application shall be
deemed to have been withdrawn.
Article 30
The examining and approving authorities shall conduct the substantive examination on the basis of
application documents and other relevant written information. Where they deem it necessary, the
examining and approving authorities may entrust a designated testing institution with undertaking tests or with inspecting the results of growing tests or other trials that have already been carried out.
For the purposes of examination, the applicant shall, at the request of the examining and approving
authorities, furnish necessary information and the propagating material of the new plant variety in question.
Article 31
Where the variety rights application is found to be in conformity with the provisions of these Regulations on substantive examination, the examining and approving authorities shall take a decision to grant the
variety rights, issue the new variety rights title, and have it registered and published.
Where the variety rights application is found not to be in conformity with the provisions of these Regulations on substantive examination, the examining and approving authorities shall refuse the
application and notify the applicant accordingly.
Article 32
The examining and approving authorities shall set up a Re-Examination Board for New Varieties of Plants.
Where any applicant is not satisfied with the decision of the examining and approving authorities refusing
a variety rights application, that applicant may, within three months from the date of receiving the notification, request the Re-Examination Board for New Varieties of Plants to carry out a re-examination.
The Re-Examination Board for New Varieties of Plants shall, within six months from the date of receiving
the request for re-examination, take a decision and notify the applicant accordingly.
Where any applicant is not satisfied with the re-examination decision of the Re-Examination Board for
New Varieties of Plants, that applicant may, within 15 days from the date of receiving the notification, file
a suit with the People’s Court.
Article 33
After the variety rights have been granted, for the period beginning on the date on which an acceptable
application is published on preliminary examination and ending on the date of grant of variety rights, the variety rights holder is entitled to claim compensation from an entity which, and an person who, has
produced or sold the propagating material of the protected variety in question for commercial purposes
without his consent.
CHAPTER VI
TERM, TERMINATION AND INVALIDITY
Article 34
The term of protection of variety rights, counted from the date of grant thereof, shall be 20 years for
vines, forest trees, fruit trees and ornamental plants and 15 years for other plants.
Article 35
The variety rights holder shall pay annual fees from the year in which the variety rights are granted, and
shall furnish propagating material of the protected variety for the purposes of control as required by the
examining and approving authorities.
Article 36
Variety rights shall be terminated prior to the expiration of the term thereof in any of the following cases:
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PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION GAZETTE AND NEWSLETTER No. 108 – December 2015
(a) where the variety rights holder makes a written statement renouncing his variety right;
(b) where the variety rights holder has not paid the annual fees as prescribed;
(c) where the variety rights holder has not furnished, in the manner required by the examining and
approving authorities, such propagating material of the protected variety necessary for control;
(d) where, on control, the protected variety no longer conforms to the features and characteristics that
existed when the variety rights were granted.
The termination of the variety rights shall be registered and published by the examining and approving authorities.
Article 37
From the date on which the examining and approving authorities publish the grant of variety rights, the Re-Examination Board for New Varieties of Plants may, ex officio or on the basis of a written request
made by any entity or person, revoke the variety rights in any variety that is not in conformity with the
provisions of Articles 14, 15, 16 and 17 of these Regulations, or change the denomination of any variety that is not in conformity with the provisions of Article 18 of these Regulations. The decision to revoke
variety rights and the decision to change the denomination shall be registered and published by the
examining and approving authorities, and shall be communicated to the parties concerned.
Where any party is not satisfied with the decision of the Re-Examination Board for New Varieties of
Plants, he or it may, within three months from the date of receiving such communication, file a suit with
the People’s Court.
Article 38
The variety rights that have been revoked shall be deemed non-existent from the outset.
The decision to revoke variety rights shall have no retroactive effect on any judgment or ruling pronounced and enforced by the People’s Court concerning the infringement of a new plant variety, or on
any decision made and enforced by the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the
People’s Governments at provincial level or above concerning the infringement of a new plant variety, or on any executed license contract for exploitation of a new plant variety or any executed contract of
assignment of the rights in a new plant variety. However, any damage caused to any other person due to
bad faith on the part of the variety rights holder shall be equitably compensated.
If no repayment of the fees for the exploitation of the new plant variety or of the price for the assignment
of the variety rights, pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, is made by the variety rights
holder or the assignor of the variety rights to the licensee or the assignee, and if this is obviously contrary to the principle of equity, the variety rights holder or the assignor of the variety rights shall
repay the whole or part of the fees for the exploitation of the variety or of the price for assignment of the
variety rights to the licensee or the assignee.
CHAPTER VII
PENALTY PROVISIONS
Article 39
Where the propagating material of the protected variety is produced or sold for commercial purposes
without the consent of the variety rights holder, the variety rights holder or the party having an interest
therein may request the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the People’s Governments at provincial level or above to handle it in accordance with their respective competence, or
directly file a suit with the People’s Court.
The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the People’s Governments at provincial level or above may, according to their respective competence and based on the principle of free will of
the parties, mediate the compensation of damages caused by the infringement. Where accord has been
reached through mediation, it should be executed by the parties concerned; where no accord has been reached through mediation, the variety rights holder or the party having an interest therein may file a
suit with the People’s Court according to civil action procedures.
In handling cases of infringement of variety rights in accordance with their respective competence, the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the People’s Governments at provincial level or
above may, for the purposes of safeguarding the public interest of the society, order the infringer to stop
the infringing act, confiscate the unlawful earnings and the propagating material of plant variety, and
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punish him with a fine at least one but not exceeding five times more than the value of goods where the
value of goods over 50,000 Yuan; according to the seriousness of circumstances of the case, punish him
with a fine not exceeding 250,000 Yuan where the value of goods not below 50,000 Yuan or without any
value.
Article 40
Where any new plant variety is counterfeited, the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry
of the People’s Governments at county level or above shall order the party concerned to stop the counterfeiting act, confiscate the unlawful earnings and the propagating material of the plant variety；
and punish him with a fine at least one but not exceeding five times more than the value of goods where
the value of goods over 50,000 Yuan; according to the seriousness of circumstances of the case, punish him with a fine not exceeding 250,000 Yuan where the value of goods not below 50,000 Yuan or without
any value; where the circumstances of the case are so serious as to constitute a crime, the party
concerned shall be subjected to criminal liability investigation in accordance with the law.
Article 41
Both the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the People’s Governments at provincial
level or above in handling cases concerning infringement of variety rights in accordance with their respective competence, and the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the People’s
Governments at county level or above in handling cases concerning counterfeited variety rights in
accordance with their respective competence, may, as appropriate, seal up or detain the propagating material of the plant variety relevant to the cases, have access to, make copies of and seal up contracts,
account books and other relevant documents related to the cases.
Article 42
Where the protected variety is sold without using the denomination as used in its registration, the
administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the People’s Governments at county level or
above shall, in accordance with their respective competence, order a correction within a specified time limit, and may impose a fine not exceeding 1,000 yuan.
Article 43
Where disputes arise as to the right to apply for a new variety of plant and the ownership of the variety rights, the parties concerned may file a suit with the People’s Court.
Article 44
Where any staff member of the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the People’s Governments at county level or above and of other departments abuses his power, neglects his duty,
engages in any malpractice for private gain, or extorts or receives bribes, that staff member shall be
subjected to criminal liability investigation in accordance with the law if the case constitutes a crime; or he shall be punished with administrative sanctions in accordance with the law if it does not constitute a
crime.
CHAPTER VIII
SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
Article 45
The examining and approving authorities may provide for flexible provisions on novelty requirement for the genera or species first included in the list of protected plant varieties before the entry into force of
these Regulations and that for the genera or species included in the list of protected plant varieties after
the entry into force of the Regulations.
Article 46
These Regulations shall enter into force as from October 1, 1997.
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中华人民共和国国务院令
第 635 号
《国务院关于修改〈中华人民共和国植物新品种保护条例〉的决定》已经 2013 年 1 月 16 日国务院第 231 次常务会议通过，现予公布，自 2013 年 3 月 1 日起施行。
总 理 温家宝
2013 年 1 月 31 日
国务院关于修改《中华人民共和国
植物新品种保护条例》的决定
国务院决定对《中华人民共和国植物新品种保护条例》作如下修改：
一、将第三十九条第三款修改为：“省级以上人民政府农业、林业行政部门依据各自 的职权处理品种权侵权案件时，为维护社会公共利益，可以责令侵权人停止侵权行为，
没收违法所得和植物品种繁殖材料；货值金额 5 万元以上的，可处货值金额 1 倍以上 5 倍 以下的罚款；没有货值金额或者货值金额 5 万元以下的，根据情节轻重，可处 25 万元以 下的罚款。”
二、将第四十条修改为：“假冒授权品种的，由县级以上人民政府农业、林业行政部 门依据各自的职权责令停止假冒行为，没收违法所得和植物品种繁殖材料；货值金额 5 万元以上的，处货值金额 1 倍以上 5 倍以下的罚款；没有货值金额或者货值金额 5 万元以 下的，根据情节轻重，处 25 万元以下的罚款；情节严重，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责 任。”
本决定自 2013 年 3 月 1 日起施行。
《中华人民共和国植物新品种保护条例》根据本决定作相应修改，重新公布。
中华人民共和国植物新品种保护条例
（1997年 3月 20日中华人民共和国国务院令第 213号公布 根据 2013年 1月 31日 《国务院关于修改〈中华人民共和国植物新品种保护条例〉的决定》修订）
第一章 总 则
第一条 为了保护植物新品种权，鼓励培育和使用植物新品种，促进农业、林业的发
展，制定本条例。
第二条 本条例所称植物新品种，是指经过人工培育的或者对发现的野生植物加以开
发，具备新颖性、特异性、一致性和稳定性并有适当命名的植物品种。
第三条 国务院农业、林业行政部门（以下统称审批机关）按照职责分工共同负责植
物新品种权申请的受理和审查并对符合本条例规定的植物新品种授予植物新品种权（以下
称品种权）。
第四条 完成关系国家利益或者公共利益并有重大应用价值的植物新品种育种的单位
或者个人，由县级以上人民政府或者有关部门给予奖励。
第五条 生产、销售和推广被授予品种权的植物新品种（以下称授权品种），应当按
照国家有关种子的法律、法规的规定审定。
第二章 品种权的内容和归属
第六条 完成育种的单位或者个人对其授权品种，享有排他的独占权。任何单位或
者个人未经品种权所有人（以下称品种权人）许可，不得为商业目的生产或者销售该授权
品种的繁殖材料，不得为商业目的将该授权品种的繁殖材料重复使用于生产另一品种的
繁殖材料；但是，本条例另有规定的除外。
第七条 执行本单位的任务或者主要是利用本单位的物质条件所完成的职务育种，植
物新品种的申请权属于该单位；非职务育种，植物新品种的申请权属于完成育种的个人。
申请被批准后，品种权属于申请人。
委托育种或者合作育种，品种权的归属由当事人在合同中约定；没有合同约定的，品
种权属于受委托完成或者共同完成育种的单位或者个人。
第八条 一个植物新品种只能授予一项品种权。两个以上的申请人分别就同一个植物
新品种申请品种权的，品种权授予最先申请的人；同时申请的，品种权授予最先完成该植
物新品种育种的人。
第九条 植物新品种的申请权和品种权可以依法转让。
中国的单位或者个人就其在国内培育的植物新品种向外国人转让申请权或者品种权的，
应当经审批机关批准。
国有单位在国内转让申请权或者品种权的，应当按照国家有关规定报经有关行政主管
部门批准。
转让申请权或者品种权的，当事人应当订立书面合同，并向审批机关登记，由审批机
关予以公告。
第十条 在下列情况下使用授权品种的，可以不经品种权人许可，不向其支付使用费，
但是不得侵犯品种权人依照本条例享有的其他权利：
（一）利用授权品种进行育种及其他科研活动；
（二）农民自繁自用授权品种的繁殖材料。
第十一条 为了国家利益或者公共利益，审批机关可以作出实施植物新品种强制许可
的决定，并予以登记和公告。
取得实施强制许可的单位或者个人应当付给品种权人合理的使用费，其数额由双方商
定；双方不能达成协议的，由审批机关裁决。
品种权人对强制许可决定或者强制许可使用费的裁决不服的，可以自收到通知之日起
3 个月内向人民法院提起诉讼。
第十二条 不论授权品种的保护期是否届满，销售该授权品种应当使用其注册登记的
名称。
第三章 授予品种权的条件
第十三条 申请品种权的植物新品种应当属于国家植物品种保护名录中列举的植物的
属或者种。植物品种保护名录由审批机关确定和公布。
第十四条 授予品种权的植物新品种应当具备新颖性。新颖性，是指申请品种权的
植物新品种在申请日前该品种繁殖材料未被销售，或者经育种者许可，在中国境内销售该
品种繁殖材料未超过１年；在中国境外销售藤本植物、林木、果树和观赏树木品种繁殖
材料未超过６年，销售其他植物品种繁殖材料未超过４年。
第十五条 授予品种权的植物新品种应当具备特异性。特异性，是指申请品种权的植
物新品种应当明显区别于在递交申请以前已知的植物品种。
第十六条 授予品种权的植物新品种应当具备一致性。一致性，是指申请品种权的植
物新品种经过繁殖，除可以预见的变异外，其相关的特征或者特性一致。
第十七条 授予品种权的植物新品种应当具备稳定性。稳定性，是指申请品种权的植
物新品种经过反复繁殖后或者在特定繁殖周期结束时，其相关的特征或者特性保持不变。
第十八条 授予品种权的植物新品种应当具备适当的名称，并与相同或者相近的植物
属或者种中已知品种的名称相区别。该名称经注册登记后即为该植物新品种的通用名称。
下列名称不得用于品种命名：
（一）仅以数字组成的；
（二）违反社会公德的；
（三）对植物新品种的特征、特性或者育种者的身份等容易引起误解的。
第四章 品种权的申请和受理
第十九条 中国的单位和个人申请品种权的，可以直接或者委托代理机构向审批机关
提出申请。
中国的单位和个人申请品种权的植物新品种涉及国家安全或者重大利益需要保密的，
应当按照国家有关规定办理。
第二十条 外国人、外国企业或者外国其他组织在中国申请品种权的，应当按其所属
国和中华人民共和国签订的协议或者共同参加的国际条约办理，或者根据互惠原则，依照
本条例办理。
第二十一条 申请品种权的，应当向审批机关提交符合规定格式要求的请求书、说明
书和该品种的照片。
申请文件应当使用中文书写。
第二十二条 审批机关收到品种权申请文件之日为申请日；申请文件是邮寄的，以寄
出的邮戳日为申请日。
第二十三条 申请人自在外国第一次提出品种权申请之日起 12 个月内，又在中国就 该植物新品种提出品种权申请的，依照该外国同中华人民共和国签订的协议或者共同参加
的国际条约，或者根据相互承认优先权的原则，可以享有优先权。
申请人要求优先权的，应当在申请时提出书面说明，并在３个月内提交经原受理机关
确认的第一次提出的品种权申请文件的副本；未依照本条例规定提出书面说明或者提交申
请文件副本的，视为未要求优先权。
第二十四条 对符合本条例第二十一条规定的品种权申请，审批机关应当予以受理，
明确申请日、给予申请号，并自收到申请之日起１个月内通知申请人缴纳申请费。
对不符合或者经修改仍不符合本条例第二十一条规定的品种权申请，审批机关不予受
理，并通知申请人。
第二十五条 申请人可以在品种权授予前修改或者撤回品种权申请。
第二十六条 中国的单位或者个人将国内培育的植物新品种向国外申请品种权的，应
当向审批机关登记。
第五章 品种权的审查与批准
第二十七条 申请人缴纳申请费后，审批机关对品种权申请的下列内容进行初步审查：
（一）是否属于植物品种保护名录列举的植物属或者种的范围；
（二）是否符合本条例第二十条的规定；
（三）是否符合新颖性的规定；
（四）植物新品种的命名是否适当。
第二十八条 审批机关应当自受理品种权申请之日起６个月内完成初步审查。对经初
步审查合格的品种权申请，审批机关予以公告，并通知申请人在３个月内缴纳审查费。
对经初步审查不合格的品种权申请，审批机关应当通知申请人在３个月内陈述意见或
者予以修正；逾期未答复或者修正后仍然不合格的，驳回申请。
第二十九条 申请人按照规定缴纳审查费后，审批机关对品种权申请的特异性、一致
性和稳定性进行实质审查。
申请人未按照规定缴纳审查费的，品种权申请视为撤回。
第三十条 审批机关主要依据申请文件和其他有关书面材料进行实质审查。审批机关
认为必要时，可以委托指定的测试机构进行测试或者考察业已完成的种植或者其他试验的
结果。
因审查需要，申请人应当根据审批机关的要求提供必要的资料和该植物新品种的繁殖
材料。
第三十一条 对经实质审查符合本条例规定的品种权申请，审批机关应当作出授予品
种权的决定，颁发品种权证书，并予以登记和公告。
对经实质审查不符合本条例规定的品种权申请，审批机关予以驳回，并通知申请人。
第三十二条 审批机关设立植物新品种复审委员会。
对审批机关驳回品种权申请的决定不服的，申请人可以自收到通知之日起３个月内，
向植物新品种复审委员会请求复审。植物新品种复审委员会应当自收到复审请求书之日起
６个月内作出决定，并通知申请人。
申请人对植物新品种复审委员会的决定不服的，可以自接到通知之日起 15 日内向人 民法院提起诉讼。
第三十三条 品种权被授予后，在自初步审查合格公告之日起至被授予品种权之日止
的期间，对未经申请人许可，为商业目的生产或者销售该授权品种的繁殖材料的单位和个
人，品种权人享有追偿的权利。
第六章 期限、终止和无效
第三十四条 品种权的保护期限，自授权之日起，藤本植物、林木、果树和观赏树木
为 20 年，其他植物为 15 年。
第三十五条 品种权人应当自被授予品种权的当年开始缴纳年费，并且按照审批机关
的要求提供用于检测的该授权品种的繁殖材料。
第三十六条 有下列情形之一的，品种权在其保护期限届满前终止：
（一）品种权人以书面声明放弃品种权的；
（二）品种权人未按照规定缴纳年费的；
（三）品种权人未按照审批机关的要求提供检测所需的该授权品种的繁殖材料的；
（四）经检测该授权品种不再符合被授予品种权时的特征和特性的。
品种权的终止，由审批机关登记和公告。
第三十七条 自审批机关公告授予品种权之日起，植物新品种复审委员会可以依据
职权或者依据任何单位或者个人的书面请求，对不符合本条例第十四条、第十五条、第十
六条和第十七条规定的，宣告品种权无效；对不符合本条例第 十八条规定的，予以更名。
宣告品种权无效或者更名的决定，由审批机关登记和公告，并通知当事人。
对植物新品种复审委员会的决定不服的，可以自收到通知之日起３个月内向人民法院
提起诉讼。
第三十八条 被宣告无效的品种权视为自始不存在。
宣告品种权无效的决定，对在宣告前人民法院作出并已执行的植物新品种侵权的判决、
裁定，省级以上人民政府农业、林业行政部门作出并已执行的植物 新品种侵权处理决定，
以及已经履行的植物新品种实施许可合同和植物新品种权转让合同，不具有追溯力；但是，
因品种权人的恶意给他人造成损失的，应当给予合理赔偿。
依照前款规定，品种权人或者品种权转让人不向被许可实施人或者受让人返还使用费
或者转让费，明显违反公平原则的，品种权人或者品种权转让人应当向被许可实施人或者
受让人返还全部或者部分使用费或者转让费。
第七章 罚 则
第三十九条 未经品种权人许可，以商业目的生产或者销售授权品种的繁殖材料的，
品种权人或者利害关系人可以请求省级以上人民政府农业、林业行政部门依据各自的职权
进行处理，也可以直接向人民法院提起诉讼。
省级以上人民政府农业、林业行政部门依据各自的职权，根据当事人自愿的原则，对
侵权所造成的损害赔偿可以进行调解。调解达成协议的，当事人应当履行；调解未达成协
议的，品种权人或者利害关系人可以依照民事诉讼程序向人民法院提起诉讼。
省级以上人民政府农业、林业行政部门依据各自的职权处理品种权侵权案件时，为维
护社会公共利益，可以责令侵权人停止侵权行为，没收违法所得和植物品种繁殖材料；
货值金额 5 万元以上的，可处货值金额 1 倍以上 5 倍以下的罚款；没有货值金额或者货值 金额 5 万元以下的，根据情节轻重，可处 25 万元以下的罚款。
第四十条 假冒授权品种的，由县级以上人民政府农业、林业行政部门依据各自的
职权责令停止假冒行为，没收违法所得和植物品种繁殖材料；货值金额 5 万元以上的，处 货值金额 1 倍以上 5 倍以下的罚款；没有货值金额或者货值金额 5 万元以下的，根据情 节轻重，处 25 万元以下的罚款；情节严重，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第四十一条 省级以上人民政府农业、林业行政部门依据各自的职权在查处品种权侵
权案件和县级以上人民政府农业、林业行政部门依据各自的职权在查处假冒授权品种案件
时，根据需要，可以封存或者扣押与案件有关的植物品种的繁殖材料，查阅、复制或者封
存与案件有关的合同、帐册及有关文件。
第四十二条 销售授权品种未使用其注册登记的名称的，由县级以上人民政府农业、
林业行政部门依据各自的职权责令限期改正，可以处 1000 元以下的罚款。
第四十三条 当事人就植物新品种的申请权和品种权的权属发生争议的，可以向人民
法院提起诉讼。
第四十四条 县级以上人民政府农业、林业行政部门的及有关部门的工作人员滥用职
权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊、索贿受贿，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，
依法给予行政处分。
第八章 附 则
第四十五条 审批机关可以对本条例施行前首批列入植物品种保护名录的和本条例施
行后新列入植物品种保护名录的植物属或者种的新颖性要求作出变通性规定。
第四十六条 本条例自 1997 年 10 月 1 日起施行。