植物新品种培育者权利法1994（2015年3月25日合并版）， 澳大利亚

Prepared by the Office of Parliamentary Counsel, Canberra

Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

No. 110, 1994

Compilation No. 13

Compilation date: 25 March 2015

Includes amendments up to: Act No. 5, 2015

Registered: 25 March 2015

ComLaw Authoritative Act C2015C00084

About this compilation

This compilation

This is a compilation of the Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 that shows the text

of the law as amended and in force on 25 March 2015 (the compilation date).

This compilation was prepared on 23 March 2015.

The notes at the end of this compilation (the endnotes) include information

about amending laws and the amendment history of provisions of the compiled

law.

Uncommenced amendments

The effect of uncommenced amendments is not shown in the text of the

compiled law. Any uncommenced amendments affecting the law are accessible

on ComLaw (www.comlaw.gov.au). The details of amendments made up to, but

not commenced at, the compilation date are underlined in the endnotes. For

more information on any uncommenced amendments, see the series page on

ComLaw for the compiled law.

Application, saving and transitional provisions for provisions and

amendments

If the operation of a provision or amendment of the compiled law is affected by

an application, saving or transitional provision that is not included in this

compilation, details are included in the endnotes.

Modifications

If the compiled law is modified by another law, the compiled law operates as

modified but the modification does not amend the text of the law. Accordingly,

this compilation does not show the text of the compiled law as modified. For

more information on any modifications, see the series page on ComLaw for the

compiled law.

Self-repealing provisions

If a provision of the compiled law has been repealed in accordance with a

provision of the law, details are included in the endnotes.

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Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 i

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

Contents

Part 1—Preliminary 1 1 Short title ...........................................................................................1

2 Commencement.................................................................................1

3 Definitions.........................................................................................1

4 Definition of essentially derived varieties .........................................6

5 Definition of breeding .......................................................................6

6 Genetic modification .........................................................................7

8 Approved persons..............................................................................7

9 Act to bind Crown .............................................................................7

9A Application of the Criminal Code .....................................................7

10 Extent of Act .....................................................................................7

Part 2—Plant breeder’s right 9 11 General nature of PBR.......................................................................9

12 Extension of PBR to cover essentially derived varieties....................9

13 Extension of PBR to cover certain dependent plant varieties ..........10

14 Extension of PBR to harvested material in certain

circumstances ..................................................................................10

15 Extension of PBR to products obtained from harvested

material in certain circumstances.....................................................11

16 Certain acts done for private, experimental or breeding

purposes do not infringe PBR..........................................................11

17 Conditioning and use of farm saved seed does not infringe

PBR .................................................................................................11

18 Restriction on grantee’s rights in certain circumstances ..................12

19 Reasonable public access to plant varieties covered by PBR ..........13

20 PBR is personal property.................................................................15

21 Registrar must be notified of an assignment of PBR .......................16

22 Duration of PBR..............................................................................17

23 Exhaustion of PBR ..........................................................................17

Part 3—Application for plant breeder’s right 20

Division 1—The making of the application 20

24 Right to apply for PBR ....................................................................20

25 Right to apply for PBR is personal property....................................20

26 Form of application for PBR ...........................................................20

27 Names of new plant varieties...........................................................22

28 Applications to be given priority dates ............................................24

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29 Priority dates arising from foreign application ................................24

30 Acceptance or rejection of applications...........................................25

31 Requests for variation of application ...............................................26

32 Notification of decisions on requests to vary application ................27

33 Withdrawal of application ...............................................................28

Division 2—Dealing with the application after its acceptance 29

34 Detailed description in support of application to be given to

Secretary..........................................................................................29

35 Objection to application for PBR ....................................................30

36 Inspection of applications and objections ........................................31

37 Test growing of plant varieties ........................................................32

38 Characteristics of plant varieties bred or test grown outside

Australia ..........................................................................................34

Division 3—Provisional protection 36

39 Provisional protection......................................................................36

Division 4—Essential derivation 38

40 Applications for declarations of essential derivation .......................38

41 Test growing associated with applications for declarations of

essential derivation ..........................................................................41

Part 4—The grant and revocation of Plant Breeder’s Right 43

Division 1—Grant of Plant Breeder’s Right 43

42 PBR not to be granted in excluded varieties ....................................43

43 Registrable plant varieties ...............................................................43

44 Grant of PBR...................................................................................46

45 Grant of PBR to be exclusive ..........................................................48

46 Grant of PBR to be entered on Register...........................................48

47 Notice of grant of PBR ....................................................................49

48 Effect of grant of PBR.....................................................................49

49 PBR may be subject to conditions ...................................................50

Division 2—Revocation of Plant Breeder’s Right or declaration

of essential derivation 52

50 Revocation of PBR..........................................................................52

51 Entry of particulars of revocation ....................................................54

52 Surrender of PBR ............................................................................54

Part 5—Enforcement of Plant Breeder’s Right 55 53 Infringement of PBR .......................................................................55

54 Actions for infringement .................................................................56

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55 Declarations as to non-infringement................................................56

56 Jurisdiction of Court ........................................................................57

57 Innocent infringement .....................................................................58

Part 6—Administration 59 58 Registrar of Plant Breeder’s Rights .................................................59

59 Delegation .......................................................................................59

60 Certain persons not to acquire PBR.................................................60

61 Register of Plant Varieties ...............................................................61

62 Inspection of Register......................................................................61

Part 7—Plant Breeder’s Rights Advisory Committee 62 63 Establishment of Advisory Committee ............................................62

64 Membership of Advisory Committee ..............................................62

65 Remuneration and allowances .........................................................64

66 Disclosure of interests .....................................................................64

67 Meetings ..........................................................................................64

Part 8—Miscellaneous 66 68 Public notices ..................................................................................66

69 Notices inviting submissions in respect of certain regulations ........66

70 Genetic resource centres ..................................................................67

71 The herbarium .................................................................................67

72 Agents may act in matters relating to PBR......................................67

73 Service of documents ......................................................................67

74 Infringement offences......................................................................68

75 Offences other than infringement offences ......................................68

76 Conduct by directors, employees and agents ...................................69

76A Doing act when PBR office reopens after end of period

otherwise provided for doing act .....................................................71

77 Applications for review ...................................................................72

78 Repeal..............................................................................................73

79 Compensation for acquisition of property .......................................73

80 Regulations......................................................................................74

Part 9—Transitional 76 81 Definitions.......................................................................................76

82 Plant variety rights under old Act to be treated as PBR under

this Act ............................................................................................76

83 Applications for plant variety rights lodged and criminal

proceedings begun before commencing day....................................77

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84 Other applications and proceedings under old Act ..........................77

85 Transitional arrangements for membership and functions of

Advisory Committee .......................................................................77

86 Register of Plant Varieties ...............................................................78

Endnotes 79

Endnote 1—About the endnotes 79

Endnote 2—Abbreviation key 80

Endnote 3—Legislation history 81

Endnote 4—Amendment history 83

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Preliminary Part 1

Section 1

Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 1

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

An Act to provide for the granting of proprietary

rights to breeders of certain new varieties of plants

and fungi, to repeal the Plant Variety Rights Act

1987, and for related purposes

Part 1—Preliminary

1 Short title

This Act may be cited as the Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994.

2 Commencement

(1) Subject to subsection (2), the provisions of this Act commence on a

day to be fixed by Proclamation.

(2) If a provision of this Act does not commence under subsection (1)

within the period of 6 months commencing on the day on which

this Act receives the Royal Assent, it commences on the first day

after the end of that period.

3 Definitions

(1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears:

AAT means the Administrative Appeals Tribunal.

AAT Act means the Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975.

Advisory Committee means the Plant Breeder’s Rights Advisory

Committee established by section 63.

applicant, in relation to an application, means the person currently

shown in the application as the person making the application.

application means an application under section 24 for PBR in a

plant variety to which this Act extends.

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approved form means a form approved by the Secretary for the

purposes of the provision in which the expression appears.

breeder, in relation to a new plant variety, means:

(a) subject to paragraph (c), if the variety was bred by one

person only—the person; or

(b) subject to paragraph (c), if the variety was bred by 2 or more

persons (whether jointly or independently and whether at the

same time or different times)—each of those persons; or

(c) if the variety was bred:

(i) by a person in the course of performing duties or

functions as a member or employee of a body (whether

incorporate or unincorporate); or

(ii) by 2 or more persons in the course of performing duties

as a member or employee of such a body;

the body of which that person or each of those persons is a

member or employee;

and includes any person or body that is the successor in title to the

person referred to in paragraph (a), to any of the persons referred to

in paragraph (b) or the body referred to in paragraph (c).

conditioning, in relation to propagating material of a plant variety,

means:

(a) cleaning, coating, sorting, packaging or grading of the

material; or

(b) any other similar treatment;

undertaken for the purpose of preparing the material for

propagation or sale.

contracting party means a State, or an intergovernmental

organisation, that is a party to the Convention.

Convention means the International Convention for the Protection

of New Varieties of Plants, done at Geneva on 23 October 1978, as

that treaty is in force for Australia from time to time.

Note: The text of the Convention is set out in Australian Treaty Series 1989

No. 2 ([1989] ATS 2). In 2011, the text of a Convention in the

Australian Treaty Series was accessible through the Australian

Treaties Library on the AustLII website (www.austlii.edu.au).

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Section 3

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Court means the Federal Court of Australia.

dependent plant variety, in relation to another plant variety in

which a person holds PBR in Australia, means a plant variety over

which PBR in the other plant variety extends under section 13.

essential characteristics, in relation to a plant variety, means

heritable traits that are determined by the expression of one or

more genes, or other heritable determinants, that contribute to the

principal features, performance or value of the variety.

genetic resource centre means a place that the Secretary declares

to be a genetic resource centre under subsection 70(1).

grantee:

(a) in relation to PBR in a plant variety—means the person

currently entered on the Register as the holder of that right in

that variety; and

(b) in relation to PBR in a plant variety declared to be an

essentially derived variety of another plant variety—includes

the person currently entered on the Register as the holder of

that right in relation to that other plant variety.

herbarium means the organisation that the Secretary declares to be

the herbarium under section 71.

hybrid means a plant that is a combination of 2 or more genotypes

of the same or different taxa but excluding a combination

comprising a scion grafted on to a root stock.

indigenous means:

(a) a member of the Aboriginal race of Australia; or

(b) a descendant of the indigenous inhabitants of the Torres

Strait Islands.

member means a member of the Advisory Committee and includes

the Registrar.

PBR, in a plant variety, means the plant breeder’s right specified in

section 11.

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Section 3

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PBR, in respect of a plant variety registered in another contracting

party, means a plant breeder’s right corresponding to the right

specified in section 11 conferred under the law of that contracting

party.

PBR office means place of work of the Registrar or a person who

is engaged under the Public Service Act 1999 or otherwise for or

on behalf of the Commonwealth and whose duties involve

providing assistance to the Registrar.

PBR sub-office means place of work in a single State of the

Registrar or a person who is engaged under the Public Service Act

1999 or otherwise for or on behalf of the Commonwealth and

whose duties involve providing assistance to the Registrar.

plant includes all fungi and algae but does not include bacteria,

bacteroids, mycoplasmas, viruses, viroids and bacteriophages.

plant class, for the purpose of variety denomination, means a class

consisting of all plants:

(a) that belong to a single botanical genus; or

(b) that belong to a group of closely related genera;

that is specified from time to time as a plant class in the Registrar’s

List of Plant Classes maintained under subsection 61(1A).

plant variety means a plant grouping (including a hybrid):

(a) that is contained within a single botanical taxon of the lowest

known rank; and

(b) that can be defined by the expression of the characteristics

resulting from the genotype of each individual within that

plant grouping; and

(c) that can be distinguished from any other plant grouping by

the expression of at least one of those characteristics; and

(d) that can be considered as a functional unit because of its

suitability for being propagated unchanged.

Note: Plant groupings for the purposes of this definition include genetically

modified plant groupings. See section 6.

process, in relation to the reproduction of propagating material, of

a plant variety does not include:

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(a) the development of a cell or tissue or a plant part into a plant

of that variety; or

(b) the growth of a plant into a larger plant of that variety.

propagating material, in relation to a plant of a particular plant

variety, means any part or product from which, whether alone or in

combination with other parts or products of that plant, another

plant with the same essential characteristics can be produced.

propagation, in relation to a living organism or its components,

means the growth, culture or multiplication of that organism or

component, whether by sexual or asexual means.

Register means the Register of Plant Varieties kept under

section 61.

Registrar means the Registrar of Plant Breeder’s Rights.

reproduction, in relation to propagating material of a plant of a

particular variety, means any process, whereby the number of units

of that propagating material that have the capacity to grow into

independent plants is multiplied.

Secretary means the Secretary of the Department.

sell includes letting on hire and exchanging by way of barter.

successor means:

(a) in relation to a breeder of a plant variety—a person to whom

the right of the breeder to make application for PBR in that

variety has been assigned, or transmitted by will or by

operation of law; and

(b) in relation to a grantee of PBR—a person to whom that right

has been assigned, or transmitted by will or by operation of

law.

synonym, in relation to the name of a plant variety, means a name

that:

(a) is included in an application in addition to the name of the

variety; and

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(b) is a name by which the variety will be known or sold in

Australia.

test growing includes a comparative test growing.

Union means the Union for the Protection of New Varieties of

Plants as defined in Article 1 of the Convention.

will includes a codicil.

(2) If a provision of this Act requires or authorises the Secretary or the

Registrar to give written notice of any matter to a particular person

and does not specify the means of giving that notice, that provision

is to be taken, for the purposes of section 29 of the Acts

Interpretation Act 1901 to authorise or require the Secretary or

Registrar to serve the notice on the person personally or by post.

4 Definition of essentially derived varieties

A plant variety is taken to be an essentially derived variety of

another plant variety if:

(a) it is predominantly derived from that other plant variety; and

(b) it retains the essential characteristics that result from the

genotype or combination of genotypes of that other variety;

and

(c) it does not exhibit any important (as distinct from cosmetic)

features that differentiate it from that other variety.

5 Definition of breeding

(1) A reference in this Act to breeding, in relation to a new plant

variety, includes a reference to the discovery of a plant together

with its use in selective propagation so as to enable the

development of the new plant variety.

(2) If a plant is discovered by one person but used in selective

propagation by another so as to enable the development of a new

plant variety, those persons are together taken to be the joint

breeders of the new plant variety.

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Section 6

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6 Genetic modification

For the purposes of this Act, an organism may be treated as

constituting a plant grouping within a single botanical taxon

despite the fact that the genome of the plants in that plant grouping

has been altered by the introduction of genetic material that is not

from plants.

8 Approved persons

(1) In this Act, a reference to an approved person is a reference to a

person who, on the basis of the person’s qualifications and

experience, the Secretary has designated, by instrument in writing,

to be such a person in relation to one of more species of plant.

(2) The Registrar must, from time to time, cause lists of all persons

who are approved persons in relation to particular species of plant

to be published in the Plant Varieties Journal.

9 Act to bind Crown

(1) This Act binds the Crown in right of the Commonwealth, of each

of the States, of the Australian Capital Territory and of the

Northern Territory.

(2) Nothing in this Act renders the Crown, in any of its capacities,

liable to be prosecuted for an offence.

9A Application of the Criminal Code

Chapter 2 (other than Part 2.5) of the Criminal Code applies to all

offences against this Act.

Note: Chapter 2 of the Criminal Code sets out the general principles of

criminal responsibility.

10 Extent of Act

Nothing in this Act requires or permits the granting of PBR in a

plant variety unless:

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(a) if Australia is a party to the Convention—the grant is

appropriate to give effect to the obligations of Australia

under the Convention; or

(b) the breeding of the plant variety constitutes an invention for

the purpose of paragraph 51(xviii) of the Constitution.

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Plant breeder’s right Part 2

Section 11

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Part 2—Plant breeder’s right

11 General nature of PBR

Subject to sections 16, 17, 18, 19 and 23, PBR in a plant variety is

the exclusive right, subject to this Act, to do, or to license another

person to do, the following acts in relation to propagating material

of the variety:

(a) produce or reproduce the material;

(b) condition the material for the purpose of propagation;

(c) offer the material for sale;

(d) sell the material;

(e) import the material;

(f) export the material;

(g) stock the material for the purposes described in

paragraph (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or (f).

Note: In certain circumstances, the right conferred by this section extends to

essentially derived varieties (see section 12), certain dependent plant

varieties (see section 13), harvested material (see section 14) and

products obtained from harvested material (see section 15).

12 Extension of PBR to cover essentially derived varieties

Subject to section 23, if:

(a) PBR is granted to a person in a plant variety (the initial

variety); and

(b) PBR is granted to another person in another plant variety;

and

(c) the Secretary makes a declaration, on application by the

first-mentioned person, that the other plant variety is an

essentially derived variety from the initial variety;

the right granted in the initial variety extends, with effect from the

date of the declaration, to that other plant variety.

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Part 2 Plant breeder’s right

Section 13

10 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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13 Extension of PBR to cover certain dependent plant varieties

Subject to section 23, if PBR is granted in a plant variety (the

initial variety), the right extends to:

(a) any other plant variety that:

(i) is not clearly distinguishable from the initial variety;

and

(ii) is clearly distinguishable from any plant variety that was

a matter of common knowledge at the time of the grant

of PBR in the initial variety; and

(b) any other plant variety that cannot be reproduced except by

the repeated use of the initial variety or of a variety referred

to in paragraph (a);

whether or not that other plant variety was in existence at the time

PBR was granted in the initial variety.

14 Extension of PBR to harvested material in certain circumstances

(1) If:

(a) propagating material of a plant variety covered by PBR is

produced or reproduced without the authorisation of the

grantee; and

(b) the grantee does not have a reasonable opportunity to

exercise the grantee’s right in relation to the propagating

material; and

(c) material is harvested from the propagating material;

section 11 operates as if the harvested material were propagating

material.

(2) Subsection (1) applies to so much of the material harvested by a

farmer from propagating material conditioned and reproduced in

the circumstances set out in subsection 17(1) as is not itself

required by the farmer, for the farmer’s own use, for reproductive

purposes.

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Plant breeder’s right Part 2

Section 15

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15 Extension of PBR to products obtained from harvested material

in certain circumstances

If:

(a) propagating material of a plant variety covered by PBR is

produced or reproduced without authorisation of the grantee;

and

(b) the grantee does not have a reasonable opportunity to

exercise the grantee’s rights in relation to the propagating

material; and

(c) material is harvested from plants grown from the propagating

material but the grantee does not have, in the circumstances

set out in section 14, a reasonable opportunity of exercising

the grantee’s rights in the harvested material; and

(d) products are made from the harvested material;

section 11 operates as if those products were propagating material.

16 Certain acts done for private, experimental or breeding purposes

do not infringe PBR

Any act done in relation to a plant variety covered by PBR that is

done:

(a) privately and for non-commercial purposes; or

(b) for experimental purposes; or

(c) for the purpose of breeding other plant varieties;

does not infringe the PBR.

17 Conditioning and use of farm saved seed does not infringe PBR

(1) If:

(a) a person engaged in farming activities legitimately obtains

propagating material of a plant variety covered by PBR either

by purchase or by previous operation of this section, for use

in such activities; and

(b) the plant variety is not included within a taxon declared

under subsection (2) to be a taxon to which this subsection

does not apply; and

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(c) the person subsequently harvests further propagating material

from plants grown from that first-mentioned propagating

material;

the PBR is not infringed by:

(d) the conditioning of so much of that further propagating

material as is required for the person’s use for reproductive

purposes; or

(e) the reproduction of that further propagating material.

(2) The regulations may declare a particular taxon to be a taxon to

which subsection (1) does not apply.

18 Restriction on grantee’s rights in certain circumstances

(1) If:

(a) a person is authorised by or under a law of the

Commonwealth or of a State or Territory to do an act

referred to in a paragraph of section 11 in relation to

propagating material of a plant variety; and

(b) the act is one which (apart from this provision) would require

authorisation from the grantee of PBR in the plant variety;

and

(c) before the person does the act, the person either pays

equitable remuneration to the grantee in respect of the act or

arranges for the payment of such remuneration; and

(d) the person does the act;

then the grantee is not entitled to exercise PBR in the plant variety

against the person in respect of that act.

(2) To avoid doubt, subsection (1) does not limit the operation of

section 17 in relation to the conditioning or reproduction of

propagating material in the circumstances referred to in that

section.

(3) In this section:

equitable remuneration, in relation to an act done in relation to

propagating material of a plant variety, means an amount:

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Section 19

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(a) that is agreed between the person proposing to undertake the

act and the grantee of PBR in the plant variety; or

(b) if agreement cannot be reached under paragraph (a)—

determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to constitute

equitable remuneration in relation to the act.

19 Reasonable public access to plant varieties covered by PBR

(1) Subject to subsection (11), the grantee of PBR in a plant variety

must take all reasonable steps to ensure reasonable public access to

that plant variety.

(2) Reasonable public access to a plant variety covered by PBR is

taken to be satisfied if propagating material of reasonable quality is

available to the public at reasonable prices, or as gifts to the public,

in sufficient quantities to meet demand.

(3) For the purpose of ensuring reasonable public access to a plant

variety covered by PBR, the Secretary may, on behalf of the

grantee, in accordance with subsections (4) to (10), license a

person whom the Secretary considers appropriate:

(a) to sell propagating material of plants of that variety; or

(b) to produce propagating material of plants of that variety for

sale;

during such period as the Secretary considers appropriate and on

such terms and conditions (including the provision of reasonable

remuneration to the grantee) as the Secretary considers would be

granted by the grantee in the normal course of business.

(4) If, at any time more than 2 years after the grant of PBR in a plant

variety, a person considers:

(a) that the grantee is failing to comply with subsection (1) in

relation to the variety; and

(b) that the failure affects the person’s interests;

the person may make a written request to the Secretary to exercise

a power under subsection (3) in relation to the variety.

(5) A request must:

(a) set out the reasons why the person considers that the grantee

is failing to comply with subsection (1); and

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(b) give particulars of the way in which the person considers that

the failure affects the person’s interests; and

(c) give an address of the person for the purposes of notifications

under this section.

(6) The Secretary must give the grantee:

(a) a copy of the request; and

(b) a written invitation to give the Secretary, within 30 days after

giving the request, a written statement of the reasons the

Secretary should be satisfied that the grantee:

(i) is complying with subsection (1) in relation to the

variety; or

(ii) will so comply within a reasonable time.

(7) The Secretary must, after considering the request and any

statement given by the grantee in response to the invitation under

paragraph (6)(b):

(a) decide whether or not to exercise the power concerned; and

(b) within 30 days after so deciding, give written notice of the

decision to the grantee and to the person making the request.

Note: A decision under this subsection is reviewable by the AAT under

section 77.

(8) If the Secretary proposes to exercise a power under subsection (3)

in relation to a plant variety, the Secretary must give public notice:

(a) identifying the variety; and

(b) setting out particulars of any licence the Secretary proposes

to grant; and

(c) inviting persons to apply in writing to the Secretary, within

30 days of the publication of the notice, to be granted that

licence.

(9) The Secretary must not grant any such licence unless:

(a) the Secretary has considered all applications made in

response to the invitation; and

(b) at least one month before granting any such licence, the

Secretary has:

(i) given written notice to each such applicant of the name

of the proposed licensee; and

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(ii) given public notice of the name of the proposed

licensee.

(10) If the Secretary:

(a) has granted a person a licence to produce propagating

material of plants of a particular variety; and

(b) is satisfied that the person will be unable to obtain such

propagating material at a reasonable price or without charge;

the Secretary may, on behalf of the grantee, make that propagating

material available to the person from material stored at a genetic

resource centre.

Note: A decision under this subsection to make propagating material

available is reviewable by the AAT under section 77.

(11) This section does not apply in relation to a plant variety in respect

of which the Secretary certifies, in writing, at the time of the grant

of PBR, that he or she is satisfied that plants of that variety have no

direct use as a consumer product.

Note: A decision under this subsection is reviewable by the AAT under

section 77.

20 PBR is personal property

(1) PBR is personal property and, subject to any conditions imposed

under section 49, is capable of assignment, or of transmission by

will or by operation of law.

(2) An assignment of PBR (otherwise than because of the order of a

court) does not have effect unless it is in writing signed by, or on

behalf of, the assignor and assignee.

(3) If a grantee of PBR in a plant variety gives another person a

licence in that right, the licence binds every successor in title to the

interest of that grantee to the same extent as it was binding on that

grantee of the PBR.

Note 1: The Personal Property Securities Act 2009 applies to PBR, and any

licence in PBR, as intellectual property (see paragraph (d) of the

definition of that phrase in section 10 of that Act). That Act deals with

security interests in personal property, including intellectual property

and intellectual property licences.

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Note 2: Section 106 of the Personal Property Securities Act 2009 corresponds

to subsection 20(3) of this section. Section 106 of that Act provides

for security agreements in relation to intellectual property licences (or

sub-licences) to be binding on successors in title to the licences (or

sub-licences).

21 Registrar must be notified of an assignment of PBR

(1) If a person (the claimant) claims that PBR was assigned or

transmitted to the claimant, the claimant must inform the Registrar

in writing that the claimant has acquired that right, giving

particulars of the manner in which that right was acquired, within

30 days after acquiring that right.

(2) If the Registrar is satisfied that the right has been so assigned or

transmitted, the Registrar must amend the Register by entering the

name of the claimant as the holder of that right.

(3) If the Registrar enters the name of the claimant on the Register as

the holder of PBR, the Registrar must, within 30 days after

entering the name, give written notice to the claimant and to the

person who was the holder before the entry was made, stating that

the entry has been made.

(4) If the Registrar is not satisfied that PBR has been assigned or

transmitted to the claimant, the Registrar must, as soon as possible:

(a) give written notice to the claimant:

(i) telling the claimant that the Registrar is not so satisfied;

and

(ii) setting out the reasons why the Registrar is not so

satisfied; and

(b) give written notice to the person entered on the Register as

the holder of the right:

(i) setting out particulars of the information given by the

claimant; and

(ii) telling the claimant that the Registrar is not so satisfied;

and

(iii) setting out the reasons why the Registrar is not so

satisfied.

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(5) A claimant must include, in the notice to the Registrar informing of

the assignment or transmission, an address in Australia for the

service of documents in accordance with this Act.

Note: A decision under this section to amend or to refuse to amend the

Register is reviewable by the AAT under section 77.

22 Duration of PBR

(1) Subject to subsections (4) and (5), PBR in a plant variety begins on

the day that the grant of PBR in the variety is made.

(2) Subject to subsections (3), (4) and (5), PBR in a plant variety lasts

for:

(a) in the case of trees and vines—25 years; and

(b) for any other variety—20 years.

(3) The regulations may provide that PBR in a plant variety included

within a specified taxon lasts for a longer period than is specified

in subsection (2).

(4) PBR in a plant variety that is a dependent plant variety of another

plant variety begins on:

(a) the day that the grant of PBR in the other plant variety is

made; or

(b) the day that dependent variety comes into existence;

whichever occurs last, and ends when PBR in the other variety

ceases.

(5) If:

(a) PBR is held in a plant variety (the initial variety); and

(b) another plant variety is declared under section 40 to be an

essentially derived variety of the initial variety;

PBR in the initial variety extends to the essentially derived variety

from the day on which that declaration is made until the day on

which PBR in the initial variety ends.

23 Exhaustion of PBR

(1) PBR granted in a plant variety does not extend to any act referred

to in section 11:

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(a) in relation to propagating material of the variety; or

(b) in relation to propagating material of any essentially derived

variety or dependent plant variety;

that takes place after the propagating material has been sold by the

grantee or with the grantee’s consent unless that act:

(c) involves further production or reproduction of the material;

or

(d) involves the export of the material:

(i) to a country that does not provide PBR in relation to the

variety; and

(ii) for a purpose other than final consumption.

(2) If:

(a) a plant variety is declared to be an essentially derived variety

of another plant variety (the initial variety); and

(b) PBR in the essentially derived variety is held both by the

grantee of PBR in the essentially derived variety and by the

grantee of PBR in the initial variety;

the reference in subsection (1) to propagating material sold by the

grantee or with the grantee’s consent is a reference to propagating

material sold by, or with the consent of, both of the grantees

referred to in paragraph (b).

(3) If, under subsection 18(1), equitable remuneration is paid, or

arranged to be paid, to the grantee of PBR in a plant variety in

respect of an act (the first act) in relation to propagating material of

that variety before the person does the act, PBR in that variety does

not extend to any later act (the later act) referred to in section 11 in

relation to that propagating material unless the later act:

(a) involves the further production or reproduction of that

propagating material; or

(b) involves the export of the material:

(i) to a country that does not provide PBR in relation to the

variety; and

(ii) for a purpose other than final consumption.

(4) To avoid doubt, nothing in subsection (1) or (3) prevents the

exercise of the rights of the grantee of PBR in a plant variety in

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relation to any propagating material of that variety that is obtained

by reproduction of the propagating material to which that

subsection applies.

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Part 3 Application for plant breeder’s right

Division 1 The making of the application

Section 24

20 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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Part 3—Application for plant breeder’s right

Division 1—The making of the application

24 Right to apply for PBR

(1) A breeder of a plant variety may make application to the Secretary

for the grant of a PBR in the variety.

(2) The breeder can make the application whether or not:

(a) the breeder is an Australian citizen; and

(b) the breeder is resident in Australia; and

(c) the variety was bred in Australia.

(3) Subject to subsection (4), if 2 or more persons bred a plant variety

jointly, those persons or some of them may make a joint

application for that right.

(4) If 2 or more persons bred a plant variety jointly, one of those

persons is not entitled to apply for PBR in the variety otherwise

than jointly with, or with the consent in writing of, each other of

those persons.

25 Right to apply for PBR is personal property

(1) The right of a breeder of a plant variety to apply for PBR is

personal property and is capable of assignment and of transmission

by will or by operation of law.

(2) An assignment of a right to apply for PBR must be in writing

signed by or on behalf of the assignor.

Note: The Personal Property Securities Act 2009 deals with security

interests in personal property, including a right to apply for PBR.

26 Form of application for PBR

(1) An application for PBR in a plant variety must:

(a) be in writing; and

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(b) be in an approved form; and

(c) be lodged in a manner set out in the approved form.

(2) The application must contain:

(a) the name and address of the applicant; and

(b) if the applicant is using an agent to make the application on

the applicant’s behalf—the name and address of the agent;

and

(c) if the applicant is the breeder of the variety—a statement of

that effect; and

(d) if the applicant is not the breeder of the variety—the name

and address of the breeder and particulars of the assignment,

or transmission by will or by operation of law, of the right to

make the application; and

(e) a brief description, or a brief description and photograph, of a

plant of the variety sufficient to establish a prima facie case

that the variety is distinct from other varieties of common

knowledge; and

(f) the name of the variety, having regard to the requirements of

section 27, and any proposed synonym for that name; and

(g) the name of the location at which the variety was bred; and

(ga) the name of each variety (the parent variety) used in the

breeding program including, in respect of each parent

variety:

(i) particulars of the names (including synonyms) by which

the parent variety is known or sold in Australia; and

(ii) particulars of any PBR granted in Australia or in any

other contracting party; and

(gb) a brief description of the manner in which the variety was

bred; and

(h) particulars of any application for, or grant of, rights of any

kind in the variety in any other country; and

(i) the name of an approved person who:

(i) will verify the particulars in the application; and

(ii) will supervise any test growing or further test growing

of the variety required under section 37; and

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(iii) will verify a detailed description of the variety when

such a description is supplied to the Secretary;

(j) such other particulars (if any) as are required by the approved

form.

Note: The information given under paragraph (ga) is not available to the

public under section 36.

(3) If an applicant is resident overseas, the applicant must, unless the

applicant has appointed an agent resident in Australia to act on the

applicant’s behalf in the application, specify, in addition to any

address overseas, a postal address in Australia for the service of

notices on the applicant.

(4) An applicant must, before, or at the time of, lodging an application

under this section, pay to the Commonwealth such application fee

(if any) as is prescribed.

27 Names of new plant varieties

(1) If PBR has not been granted in another contracting party in a plant

variety before an application for that right in that variety is made in

Australia, the name set out in the application must comply with

subsections (4), (5), (6) and (7).

(2) If, before making an application in Australia for PBR in a plant

variety, PBR has been granted in that variety in another contracting

party:

(a) the name of the variety set out in the Australian application

must be the name under which PBR was first granted in

another contracting party; but

(b) there may, and, if the name referred to in paragraph (a) does

not comply with subsections (4), (5), (6) and (7) there must,

also be included in the application a synonym, additional to

the name of the variety.

(3) The synonym must be a name determined in accordance with

subsections (4), (5), (6) and (7) as if the variety had not been the

subject of a grant of PBR in another contracting party.

(3A) If, before making an application in Australia for PBR in a plant

variety, PBR has not been granted in that variety in another

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contracting party, a synonym may also be included in the

application.

(4) A name (including a synonym), in respect of a plant variety, must

be a word or words (whether invented or not) with or without the

addition of either or both of the following:

(a) a letter or letters that do not constitute a word;

(b) a figure or figures.

(5) A name (including a synonym), in respect of a plant variety must

not:

(a) be likely to deceive or cause confusion, including confusion

with the name of another plant variety of the same plant

class; or

(b) be contrary to law; or

(c) contain scandalous or offensive matter; or

(d) be prohibited by regulations in force at the time of the

application; or

(e) be or include a trade mark that is registered, or whose

registration is being sought, under the Trade Marks Act 1995,

in respect of live plants, plant cells and plant tissues.

(6) A name (including a synonym), in respect of a plant variety must

comply with the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and

subsidiary codes.

(7) A name (including a synonym), in respect of a plant variety must

not consist of, or include:

(a) the name of a natural person living at the time of the

application unless the person has given written consent to the

name of the variety; or

(b) the name of a natural person who died within the period of 10

years before the application unless the legal personal

representative of the person has given written consent to the

name of the variety; or

(c) the name of a corporation or other organisation, unless the

corporation or other organisation has given its written

consent to the name of the variety.

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Part 3 Application for plant breeder’s right

Division 1 The making of the application

Section 28

24 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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28 Applications to be given priority dates

(1) The Secretary must ensure that each application for PBR is given a

priority date.

(2) The priority date is, unless section 29 applies in relation to the

application, the date on which the application was lodged with the

Secretary or, if another date is determined under the regulations for

the application, the date determined.

(3) If 2 or more applications are made for PBR in the same plant

variety, the Secretary must first consider the application having the

earlier priority date.

29 Priority dates arising from foreign application

(1) If:

(a) a person has lodged an application for PBR in a plant variety

in one or more contracting parties other than Australia; and

(b) within a period of 12 months after the date that the earliest of

those applications (the foreign application) was lodged, the

person lodges an application in Australia (the local

application) for PBR in the variety; and

(c) the local application is accompanied with a claim to have the

date of lodgment of the foreign application treated as the

priority date for the purposes of the local application; and

(d) the local application is accepted;

the person is entitled to have the date of lodgment of the foreign

application treated as the priority date for the purposes of the local

application, subject to subsections (3) and (4).

(3) The entitlement of the person to have the date of lodgment of the

foreign application treated as the priority date for the purposes of

the local application is conditional on the person lodging with the

Secretary, within 3 months of making the local application, a copy

of the documents that constituted the foreign application, certified

by the Authority that received the foreign application to be a true

copy of the documents.

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(4) The entitlement of the person to have the date of lodgment of the

foreign application treated as the priority date for the purposes of

the local application is conditional on the person providing to the

Secretary, within a period of 3 years after the making of the foreign

application, such further particulars in relation to the plant variety

as are required to complete the consideration of the local

application.

30 Acceptance or rejection of applications

(1) The Secretary must, as soon as practicable after an application for

PBR is lodged in a plant variety, decide whether to accept or reject

the application.

(2) If the Secretary is satisfied that:

(a) no other application has, or, if the application were to meet

the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c), would have, an

earlier priority date in the variety; and

(b) the application complies with the requirements of section 26;

and

(c) the application establishes a prima facie case for treating the

plant variety as distinct from other varieties;

the Secretary must accept the application.

(3) If the Secretary is not satisfied of all of the matters referred to in

subsection (2), the Secretary must reject the application.

(4) If the Secretary decides to accept the application, the Secretary

must:

(a) give written notice to the applicant telling the applicant that

the application has been accepted; and

(b) as soon as possible after notifying the applicant—give public

notice of the acceptance of the application.

(5) If the Secretary decides to reject an application, the Secretary must:

(a) give written notice to the applicant telling the applicant of the

rejection and setting out the reasons for the rejection; and

(b) as soon as possible after notifying the applicant—give public

notice of the rejection of the application.

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Part 3 Application for plant breeder’s right

Division 1 The making of the application

Section 31

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Note: A decision under this section to accept or reject an application is

reviewable by the AAT under section 77.

31 Requests for variation of application

(1) If:

(a) after an application for PBR in a plant variety has been

accepted; but

(b) before concluding the examination of that application

(including the subsequent detailed description of that variety)

and of any objection to the application;

the right of the applicant to apply for PBR in a particular plant

variety is assigned to, or has been transmitted by will or operation

of law to, another person, that other person may request the

Secretary, in writing, to vary the application so that that other

person is shown as the applicant.

(2) If the Secretary is satisfied that the right to apply for PBR in a

particular plant variety has been assigned to, or has been

transmitted by will or operation of law to, to a particular person,

the Secretary must vary the application so that that person is shown

as the applicant.

(3) A request by a person under subsection (1) must give an address in

Australia for the service of notices on the person for the purposes

of this Act.

(4) If the Secretary complies with a request under subsection (1) and

the address for the service of notices that is given in connection

with that request is different from the address contained in the

application as the address for service of documents on the

applicant, the Secretary must vary the application so that the

address so given is shown as the address for service of documents

on the applicant.

(5) If:

(a) after an application for PBR in a plant variety has been

accepted; but

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(b) before concluding the examination of that application

(including the subsequent detailed description of that variety)

and of any objection to the application;

the applicant requests the Secretary, in writing, to vary the

application in any other respect other than that referred to in

subsection (1), the Secretary may, in his or her discretion, vary the

application in accordance with the request.

(6) Despite the previous provisions of this section, the Secretary is not

obliged or permitted to vary an application in response to a request

under this section unless the person making the application for the

variation has paid to the Commonwealth the application variation

fee that is prescribed for the purposes of this section.

Note: A decision under this section to vary or to refuse to vary an

application is reviewable by the AAT under section 77.

32 Notification of decisions on requests to vary application

(1) If the Secretary varies an application in accordance with a request

under subsection 31(1) or (5), the Secretary must, as soon as

practicable, give written notice to the person making the request

telling the person that the application has been so varied.

(2) If the Secretary rejects a request under subsection 31(1) or (5), the

Secretary must, as soon as practicable, give written notice to the

person making the request:

(a) telling the person that the request has been rejected; and

(b) setting out the reasons for the rejection.

(3) If the Secretary rejects a request under subsection 31(1), the

Secretary must, as soon as practicable, also give written notice to

the applicant:

(a) setting out particulars of the request; and

(b) telling the applicant that the request has been rejected; and

(c) setting out the reasons for the rejection.

(4) If the Secretary varies an application in accordance with a request

under subsection 31(1), the Secretary must, as soon as practicable,

also give written notice of particulars of the variation to the person

who was the applicant before the variation was made.

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Division 1 The making of the application

Section 33

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(5) If an application:

(a) is varied because of a request under subsection 31(1); or

(b) is varied because of a request under subsection 31(5) in a

significant respect;

the Secretary must, as soon as practicable, give public notice of

particulars of the variation.

33 Withdrawal of application

(1) An application may be withdrawn by the applicant at any time.

(2) If an application is withdrawn after public notice of acceptance of

the application is given, the Secretary must, as soon as practicable,

give public notice of the withdrawal.

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Dealing with the application after its acceptance Division 2

Section 34

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Division 2—Dealing with the application after its

acceptance

34 Detailed description in support of application to be given to

Secretary

(1) As soon as practicable after, but not later than 12 months after, an

application has been accepted, or within such further period as the

Secretary allows for the purpose, the applicant must, if the

applicant has not already done so, give the Secretary a detailed

description of the plant variety to which the application relates.

Note: A decision under this subsection to refuse to extend the 12 months

period is reviewable by the AAT under section 77.

(2) If the applicant fails to give the Secretary the detailed description

required under this section within the required period, the

application is taken to have been withdrawn.

(3) The detailed description must:

(a) be in writing; and

(b) be in an approved form; and

(c) be lodged with the Secretary in a manner set out in the

approved form.

(4) The detailed description must contain:

(a) particulars of the characteristics that distinguish the variety

from other plant varieties the existence of which is a matter

of common knowledge; and

(b) particulars of:

(i) any test growing carried out, including a test growing

carried out as required under section 37, to establish that

the variety is distinct, uniform and stable; and

(ii) any test growing carried out as required under

section 41; and

(c) if the variety was bred outside Australia—particulars of any

test growing outside Australia that tend to establish that the

variety will, if grown in Australia, be distinct, uniform and

stable; and

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(d) such other particulars (if any) as are required by the approved

form;

and must be accompanied by a certificate, in the approved form,

verifying the particulars of the detailed description, completed by

the approved person nominated in the application as the approved

person in relation to that application.

(5) The Secretary must, as soon as practicable after receiving a

detailed description of a plant variety to which an application for

PBR relates, give public notice of that description.

(6) The applicant must:

(a) unless paragraph (b) applies—within 12 months after the

application has been accepted; and

(b) if the detailed description has been given to the Secretary

before the end of that period—at the time when the

description was given;

pay to the Commonwealth such examination fee as is prescribed.

(7) Subsection (6) does not apply to an applicant if the plant variety to

which the application relates is in quarantine under the Quarantine

Act 1908 when the examination fee becomes payable. Instead, the

applicant must pay the prescribed examination fee within 12

months after the plant variety is released from quarantine.

35 Objection to application for PBR

(1) Any person who considers, in relation to an application for PBR in

a plant variety that has been accepted:

(a) that his or her commercial interests would be affected by the

grant of that PBR to the applicant; and

(b) that the Secretary cannot be satisfied, in relation to that

application, of a matter referred to in a paragraph of

subsection 26(2) or in subparagraph 44(1)(b)(i), (ii), (iii),

(iv), (v), (vi), (vii) or (viii);

may lodge a written objection to the grant of PBR with the

Secretary at any time after the giving of that public notice of

acceptance of the application and before the end of the period of 6

months starting with the public notice of that detailed description.

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(2) An objection must set out:

(a) particulars of the manner in which the person considers his or

her commercial interests would be affected; and

(b) the reasons why the person considers that the Secretary

cannot be satisfied of a matter referred to in paragraph (1)(b).

(2A) An objection is of no effect unless it is accompanied by the

prescribed fee.

(3) The Registrar must give a copy of the objection to the applicant.

36 Inspection of applications and objections

(1) A person may, at any reasonable time, inspect an application for

PBR in a plant variety (including any detailed description of the

plant variety given in support of the application) or an objection

lodged in respect of that application (including that detailed

description).

(2) A person is entitled, on payment of such fee as is prescribed, to be

given a copy of an application for PBR in a plant variety, of an

objection to such an application, or of a detailed description of the

plant variety.

(3) However, this section does not entitle a person to inspect the part

of the application that contains the information referred to in

paragraph 26(2)(ga) or to have a copy of the part of the application

containing that information, unless the person is:

(a) the applicant; or

(b) the applicant’s authorised agent; or

(c) the Minister; or

(d) the Secretary; or

(e) a person who is required to inspect the part of the application

in the course of performing his or her duties in accordance

with this Act; or

(f) a person prescribed for the purposes of this subsection.

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Division 2 Dealing with the application after its acceptance

Section 37

32 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

37 Test growing of plant varieties

(1) If, in dealing with:

(a) an application for PBR that has been accepted; or

(b) an objection to such an application for PBR; or

(c) a request for revocation of PBR;

the Secretary decides that there should be a test growing or a

further test growing of the variety to which the application,

objection or request relates, the Secretary:

(d) must give written notice of that decision:

(i) to the person who made the application, objection or

request; and

(ii) in the case of an objection to an application for PBR—

also to the applicant; and

(iii) in the case of a request for revocation of PBR—also to

the grantee; and

(e) may also give written notice of that decision to any other

person whom the Secretary considers appropriate if the test

growing or further test growing is a comparative test

growing.

Note: A decision under this subsection to require a test growing is

reviewable by the AAT under section 77.

(2) The notice, in addition to telling the person of the Secretary’s

decision:

(a) must specify the purpose of the test growing; and

(b) may require the person:

(i) to supply the Secretary with sufficient plants or

sufficient propagating material of plants of the variety,

and with any necessary information, to enable the

Secretary to arrange a test growing; or

(ii) to make arrangements for an approved person to

supervise the test growing, to supply the approved

person with sufficient plants or propagating material to

enable the test growing, to give the Secretary a copy of

the records of observations made during the test

growing and to certify the records of observations so

provided;

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Section 37

Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 33

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whichever the Secretary considers appropriate.

(2A) A person to whom a notice is sent under this section must comply

with the requirements of the notice:

(a) in the case of trees and vines, or propagating materials of

trees and vines—within 2 years from the date of service of

the notice; and

(b) in the case of other species of plant or propagating materials

of other species of plant—within 12 months from that date.

(2B) If a person, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with the

requirements of a notice issued under this section, the Secretary

may:

(a) if the person is the grantee—revoke PBR, in the plant variety

to which the notice relates, under section 50; or

(b) if the person made an application, objection or request—

decide not to further proceed with the application, objection

or request for revocation.

Note: A decision not to further proceed with the application, objection or

request for revocation is reviewable by the AAT under section 77.

(3) If a notice under this section contains the requirement referred to in

subparagraph (2)(b)(i) and the applicant complies with the request,

the Secretary must arrange to have the variety concerned test

grown.

(4) After completion of a test growing arranged by the Secretary, any

propagating material of the variety used in, or resulting from, the

test growing, that is capable of being transported must be delivered

to the person by whom propagating material of that variety was

supplied for the purposes of the test growing.

(5) All of the costs associated with a test growing must be paid:

(a) if it is conducted to deal with an application for PBR—by the

applicant for PBR; or

(b) if it is conducted to deal with an objection to an application

for PBR:

(i) by the applicant for PBR, where the test growing shows

that there are valid reasons for the objection; or

(ii) by the objector, in any other case; or

ComLaw Authoritative Act C2015C00084

Part 3 Application for plant breeder’s right

Division 2 Dealing with the application after its acceptance

Section 38

34 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

(c) if it is conducted to deal with a request for revocation of

PBR:

(i) by the grantee, where the test growing shows that there

are valid reasons for the request; or

(ii) by the person making the request, in any other case.

(6) If a contracting party, or a national or an organisation of a

contracting party, requests the Secretary to conduct in Australia a

test growing of a plant variety, the Secretary may decide to conduct

the test growing as so requested.

(7) If the Secretary decides to conduct a test growing under

subsection (6), subsections (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) apply to such

test growing as if:

(a) the person or organisation requesting the test growing under

subsection (6) was an applicant for PBR; and

(b) the test growing had been decided on in relation to that

application.

38 Characteristics of plant varieties bred or test grown outside

Australia

(1) If:

(a) a plant variety (the subject variety):

(i) was bred outside Australia; or

(ii) was bred in Australia but, before an application for PBR

was made in Australia, an application for PBR was

made in a contracting party other than Australia; and

(b) an application under this Act for PBR in the variety has been

accepted;

the variety is not to be taken to have a particular characteristic

unless subsection (2), (3), (4) or (5) applies to the variety.

(2) This subsection applies to the subject variety if a test growing in

Australia has demonstrated that the variety has the particular

characteristic.

(3) This subsection applies to the subject variety if:

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Application for plant breeder’s right Part 3

Dealing with the application after its acceptance Division 2

Section 38

Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 35

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

(a) a test growing of the variety has been carried out outside

Australia; and

(b) that test growing has demonstrated that the variety has the

particular characteristic; and

(c) under an agreement between Australia and the country in

which the test growing was carried out, Australia is required

to accept that the variety has that particular characteristic.

(4) This subsection applies to the subject variety if the Secretary is

satisfied that:

(a) a test growing of the variety carried out outside Australia has

demonstrated that the variety has the particular characteristic;

and

(b) that test growing of the variety is equivalent to a test growing

of the variety in Australia.

(5) This subsection applies to the subject variety if the Secretary is

satisfied that:

(a) a test growing of the variety carried out outside Australia has

demonstrated that the variety has the particular characteristic;

and

(b) any test growing of the variety carried out in Australia would

probably demonstrate that the variety has that characteristic;

and

(c) if a test growing of the variety in Australia sufficient to

demonstrate whether the variety has that characteristic were

to be carried out, it would take longer than 2 years.

Note: A decision to the effect that the Secretary is, or is not, satisfied of the

matters referred to in subsection (4) or (5) is reviewable by the AAT

under section 77.

ComLaw Authoritative Act C2015C00084

Part 3 Application for plant breeder’s right

Division 3 Provisional protection

Section 39

36 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

Division 3—Provisional protection

39 Provisional protection

(1) When an application for PBR in a plant variety is accepted, the

applicant is taken to be the grantee of that right for the purposes of

Part 5 from the day the application is accepted until:

(a) the application is disposed of; or

(b) if the Secretary gives the applicant a notice under

subsection (2)—the notice is disposed of;

whichever occurs first.

(2) If the Secretary is satisfied in relation to an application for PBR in

a plant variety, that:

(a) PBR will not be granted or is unlikely to be granted to the

applicant; or

(aa) a decision has been taken under paragraph 37(2B)(b) not to

proceed with the application; or

(ab) the application has been withdrawn; or

(b) the applicant has given an undertaking to a person (whether

or not for consideration) not to commence proceedings for

infringement of the right of which the applicant is deemed to

be the grantee; or

(c) at least 12 months have elapsed since the publication of the

detailed description that was given to the Secretary under

subsection 34(1);

the Secretary may notify the applicant, in writing, that this section

will cease to apply to that variety on a day specified in the notice

unless, before that time the applicant has made a submission to the

Secretary providing reasons why this section should not cease to

apply.

Note: A decision under this subsection to notify an applicant is reviewable

by the AAT under section 77.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b) a notice referred to in that

paragraph is not taken to be disposed of until:

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Application for plant breeder’s right Part 3

Provisional protection Division 3

Section 39

Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 37

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

(a) the end of the period within which application may be made

to the AAT for a review of the giving of the notice; or

(b) if such an application is made to the AAT—the application is

withdrawn or finally determined, whether by the AAT or a

court.

(4) As soon as practicable after a person ceases to be taken to be the

grantee of PBR under this section, the Secretary must give public

notice that the person has ceased to be so taken.

(5) Nothing in this section affects the powers of the Federal Court

under subsection 44A(2) of the AAT Act where an appeal is begun

in that Court from a decision of the AAT.

(6) A person who is taken to be the grantee of PBR in a plant variety is

not entitled to begin an action or proceeding for an infringement of

that right occurring during the period when the person is so taken

unless and until that right is finally granted to the person under

section 44.

ComLaw Authoritative Act C2015C00084

Part 3 Application for plant breeder’s right

Division 4 Essential derivation

Section 40

38 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

Division 4—Essential derivation

40 Applications for declarations of essential derivation

(1) If:

(a) a person is the grantee of PBR in a particular plant variety—

(the initial variety); and

(b) another person is the grantee of, or has applied for, PBR in

another plant variety (the second variety); and

(c) the grantee of PBR in the initial variety is satisfied that the

second variety is, within the meaning of section 4, an

essentially derived variety of the initial variety; and

(d) the initial variety has not itself been declared to be an

essentially derived variety of another variety in which PBR

has been granted;

the grantee of PBR in the initial variety may make written

application to the Secretary for a declaration that the second variety

is so derived.

(2) Nothing in this section implies that a person who is the grantee of

PBR in the initial variety may not, in relation to an application by

another person for PBR in the second variety that has been

accepted but not finally determined:

(a) make an objection, under section 35, to the granting of PBR

in the second variety; and

(b) in the alternative, if PBR is granted to another person in the

second variety—apply under subsection (1) for a declaration

that the second variety is essentially derived from the initial

variety.

(3) If the second variety:

(a) is the subject of an application for PBR; and

(b) is also the subject of an application for a declaration of

essential derivation;

then, unless and until the Secretary decides to grant the application

for PBR:

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Application for plant breeder’s right Part 3

Essential derivation Division 4

Section 40

Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 39

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

(c) the Secretary must not make the declaration of essential

derivation; but

(d) the Secretary may, in his or her discretion:

(i) examine both the application for PBR and the

application for a declaration of essential derivation at

the same time; and

(ii) for the purpose only of examining the application for a

declaration of essential derivation—treat the applicant

for PBR as the grantee of PBR in the variety.

(4) An application for a declaration of essential derivation must:

(a) be in writing; and

(b) be in an approved form; and

(c) be lodged with the Secretary in a manner set out in the

approved form; and

(d) be accompanied by the prescribed fee in respect of the

application.

(5) An application must contain such information relevant to

establishing a prima facie case that the second variety is an

essentially derived variety of the initial variety as is required by the

form.

(6) If the initial variety has itself been declared to be essentially

derived from another variety, the Secretary must refuse to declare

the second variety essentially derived from:

(a) the initial variety; and

(b) inform the applicant for the declaration in writing, to that

effect, and give the applicant reasons for the decision.

(7) If the initial variety has not been so declared, the Secretary must

determine, on the basis of the application, whether the Secretary is

satisfied that there is a prima facie case that the second variety is

an essentially derived variety of the initial variety.

(8) If the Secretary is satisfied of that prima facie case, the Secretary

must:

(a) inform the applicant and the grantee of PBR in the second

variety that the Secretary is so satisfied; and

ComLaw Authoritative Act C2015C00084

Part 3 Application for plant breeder’s right

Division 4 Essential derivation

Section 40

40 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

(b) inform the grantee of PBR in the second variety that, unless

the grantee establishes, within 30 days after being so

informed or such longer period as the Secretary allows, that

the second variety is not an essentially derived variety of the

initial variety, the Secretary will, at the end of that period,

declare the second variety to be such an essentially derived

variety.

Note: A decision under this subsection to refuse to extend the period of 30

days is reviewable by the AAT under section 77.

(9) If the Secretary is not satisfied of that prima facie case, the

Secretary must inform the applicant, in writing, to that effect, and

give the applicant reasons for the decision.

(10) If, after considering:

(a) the information presented by the grantee of PBR in the

second variety; and

(b) any information obtained from a test growing conducted in

accordance with section 41; and

(c) any other relevant information obtained by the Secretary;

the Secretary is not satisfied that the grantee of PBR in the second

variety has rebutted the prima facie case, the Secretary must:

(d) declare, in writing, that the second variety is an essentially

derived variety of the initial variety; and

(e) by notice in writing given to the grantee of PBR in the initial

variety, tell that grantee of the declaration; and

(f) by notice in writing given to the grantee of PBR in the

second variety, tell that grantee of the declaration and set out

the reasons for not being satisfied that the prima facie case

has been rebutted.

(11) If, after considering the information referred to in

paragraph (10)(a), (b) or (c), the Secretary is satisfied that the

grantee of PBR in the second variety has rebutted the prima facie

case, the Secretary must:

(a) by notice in writing given to the grantee of PBR in the initial

variety, tell that grantee that he or she is so satisfied and set

out the reasons for being so satisfied; and

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Application for plant breeder’s right Part 3

Essential derivation Division 4

Section 41

Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 41

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

(b) by notice in writing given to the grantee of PBR in the

second variety, tell that grantee that he or she is so satisfied.

(12) While a declaration that the second variety is essentially derived

from the initial variety remains in force, section 19 applies in

relation to the second variety as if:

(a) the references in that section to the grantee, in relation to that

variety were references both to the person holding PBR in

that variety and to the person holding PBR in the initial

variety; and

(b) the reference in subsection 19(4) to 2 years after the grant of

PBR were a reference to 2 years after the grant of PBR in the

second variety whether or not the declaration of essential

derivation was made at the same time or a later time; and

(c) a failure by the other person holding PBR in the initial

variety or the person holding PBR in the second variety to

co-operate in making the second variety available to the

public in accordance with the requirements of

subsection 19(1) was a failure of the grantee to comply with

the requirements of that subsection.

Note: A decision under this section to declare, or not to declare, a plant

variety essentially derived is reviewable by the AAT under section 77.

41 Test growing associated with applications for declarations of

essential derivation

(1) If:

(a) the grantee of PBR in a plant variety (the initial variety)

applies for a declaration that another variety (the second

variety) is an essentially derived variety of the initial variety;

and

(b) in the course of that application the grantee of PBR in the

initial variety establishes a prima facie case that the second

variety is essentially derived; and

(c) on the basis of information supplied by the grantees of PBR

in the initial variety and in the second variety, the Secretary

comes to the view that a test growing or further test growing

is necessary to determine whether the prima facie case has

been rebutted;

ComLaw Authoritative Act C2015C00084

Part 3 Application for plant breeder’s right

Division 4 Essential derivation

Section 41

42 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

the Secretary must give notice of that decision both to the grantee

of PBR in the initial variety and in the second variety.

Note: A decision under this subsection to require a test growing is

reviewable by the AAT under section 77.

(2) The notice must require:

(a) the grantee of PBR in the initial variety to supply the

Secretary with sufficient plants or sufficient propagating

material of plants of that variety and with any necessary

information; and

(b) the grantee of PBR in the second variety to supply the

Secretary with sufficient plants or sufficient propagating

material of plants of that second variety and with any

necessary information;

to enable the Secretary to arrange a test growing.

(3) After completion of the test growing, any propagating material of a

variety used in, or resulting from, the test growing that is capable

of being transported must be delivered to the person by whom

propagating material of that variety was supplied for the purpose of

the test growing.

(4) All costs associated with the test growing must be paid by the

person who, without the test growing, failed to rebut the prima

facie case of essential derivation, whether or not the test growing

led to rebuttal of that case.

(5) If the Secretary requires a test growing or further test growing,

subsection 40(8) has effect as if the reference in that subsection to

30 days after being so informed were a reference to 30 days after

being informed of the results of the test growing.

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The grant and revocation of Plant Breeder’s Right Part 4

Grant of Plant Breeder’s Right Division 1

Section 42

Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 43

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

Part 4—The grant and revocation of Plant

Breeder’s Right

Division 1—Grant of Plant Breeder’s Right

42 PBR not to be granted in excluded varieties

(1) PBR must not be granted in any variety of plant in a taxon that the

regulations declare to be a taxon to which this Act does not apply.

(2) The Governor-General must not make a regulation for the purposes

of subsection (1) unless the Governor-General has been informed

by the Minister that the Minister has considered advice given by

the Advisory Committee in relation to the desirability of making

the regulation.

(3) If:

(a) a plant variety is a hybrid; and

(b) each of the plant varieties from which it is derived is a plant

variety included in a taxon to which this Act does not apply;

PBR must not be granted in the hybrid.

43 Registrable plant varieties

(1) For the purposes of this Act, a plant variety in which an application

for PBR is made is registrable if:

(a) the variety has a breeder; and

(b) the variety is distinct; and

(c) the variety is uniform; and

(d) the variety is stable; and

(e) the variety has not been exploited or has been only recently

exploited.

(2) For the purposes of this section, a plant variety is distinct if it is

clearly distinguishable from any other variety whose existence is a

matter of common knowledge.

ComLaw Authoritative Act C2015C00084

Part 4 The grant and revocation of Plant Breeder’s Right

Division 1 Grant of Plant Breeder’s Right

Section 43

44 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

(3) For the purposes of this section, a plant variety is uniform if,

subject to the variation that may be expected from the particular

features of its propagation, it is uniform in its relevant

characteristics on propagation.

(4) For the purposes of this section, a plant variety is stable if its

relevant characteristics remain unchanged after repeated

propagation.

(5) For the purposes of this section, a plant variety is taken not to have

been exploited if, at the date of lodging the application for PBR in

the variety, plant material of the variety has not been sold to

another person by, or with the consent of, the breeder.

(6) For the purposes of this section, a plant variety is taken to have

been only recently exploited if, at the date of lodging the

application for PBR in the variety, plant material of the variety has

not been sold to another person by, or with the consent of, the

breeder, either:

(a) in Australia—more than one year before that date; or

(b) in the territory of another contracting party:

(i) in the case of trees or vines—more than 6 years before

that date; or

(ii) in any other case—more than 4 years before that date.

Note: For the definition of sell see subsection 3(1).

(7) Subsection (6) does not apply to a sale by the breeder of a plant

variety of plant material of the variety to another person if that sale

is a part of, or related to, another transaction under which the right

of the breeder to make application for PBR in that plant variety is

sold to that other person.

(7A) Subsection (6) does not apply to a sale of plant material of a plant

variety to a person by, or with the consent of, the breeder if:

(a) the sole purpose of the sale is for the person to multiply plant

material of that plant variety on behalf of the breeder; and

(b) under the agreement for the sale, immediately after the plant

material is multiplied, property in the new plant material

vests in the breeder.

ComLaw Authoritative Act C2015C00084

The grant and revocation of Plant Breeder’s Right Part 4

Grant of Plant Breeder’s Right Division 1

Section 43

Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 45

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

(7B) Subsection (6) does not apply to a sale of plant material of a plant

variety to a person by, or with the consent of, the breeder if the sale

is part of an agreement under which the person agrees to use plant

material of that variety for the sole purpose of evaluating the

variety in one or more of the following tests or trials:

(a) field tests;

(b) laboratory trials;

(c) small-scale processing trials;

(d) tests or trials prescribed for the purposes of this subsection.

(7C) Subsection (6) does not apply to a sale of plant material of a plant

variety to a person by, or with the consent of, the breeder if:

(a) the sale only involves plant material that is a by-product or

surplus product of one or more of the following:

(i) the creation of the variety;

(ii) a multiplication of the variety;

(iii) tests or trials covered by subsection (7B); and

(b) the plant material is sold:

(i) without identification of the plant variety of the plant

material; and

(ii) for the sole purpose of final consumption.

(8) In addition to any other reason for treating a plant variety as a

variety of common knowledge, a variety is to be treated as a

variety of common knowledge if:

(a) an application for PBR in the variety has been lodged in a

contracting party; and

(b) the application is proceeding, or has led, to the grant of PBR.

(9) A plant variety that is to be treated as a variety of common

knowledge under subsection (8) because of an application for PBR

in the variety is to be so treated from the time of the application.

(10) In this section:

authority has the same meaning as in the Convention.

plant material, in relation to a plant variety, means one or more of

the following:

ComLaw Authoritative Act C2015C00084

Part 4 The grant and revocation of Plant Breeder’s Right

Division 1 Grant of Plant Breeder’s Right

Section 44

46 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

(a) propagating material of the plant variety;

(b) harvested material of the plant variety;

(c) products obtained from harvested material of the plant

variety.

territory has the same meaning as in the Convention.

variety has the same meaning as in the Convention.

44 Grant of PBR

(1) If:

(a) an application for PBR in a plant variety is accepted; and

(b) after examining the application (including the subsequent

detailed description) and any objection to the application, the

Secretary is, or continues to be, satisfied that:

(i) there is such a variety; and

(ii) the variety is a registrable plant variety within the

meaning of section 43; and

(iii) the applicant is entitled to make the application; and

(iv) the grant of that right is not prohibited by this Act; and

(v) that right has not been granted to another person; and

(vi) the name of the variety complies with section 27; and

(vii) propagating material of that variety has been deposited

for storage, at the expense of the applicant, in a genetic

resource centre approved by the Secretary; and

(viii) if the Secretary so requires, a satisfactory specimen

plant of the variety has been supplied to the herbarium;

and

(ix) all fees payable under this Act in respect of the

application, examination and grant have been paid;

the Secretary must grant that right to the applicant.

(2) If:

(a) an application for PBR in a plant variety is accepted; and

(b) the plant variety is a variety of a species indigenous to

Australia;

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The grant and revocation of Plant Breeder’s Right Part 4

Grant of Plant Breeder’s Right Division 1

Section 44

Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 47

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

the Secretary must require supply of a satisfactory specimen plant

of the variety to the herbarium.

(3) If:

(a) an application for PBR in a plant variety is accepted; and

(b) the Secretary is not satisfied of all of the matters referred to

in paragraph (1)(b);

the Secretary must refuse to grant that right to the applicant.

(4) The Secretary must not grant or refuse to grant PBR in a plant

variety until at least 6 months after the giving of public notice of

the detailed description of the variety.

(5) If:

(a) an application for PBR in a plant variety has been varied

under section 31; and

(b) the variation relates to the detailed description of the variety

that has been given to the Secretary; and

(c) the Secretary has given public notice of the variation;

the Secretary must not grant, or refuse to grant, PBR in the variety

until 6 months after giving public notice of the variation or of the

last such variation.

(6) If an objection to an application for PBR is made under section 35,

the Secretary must give the applicant 30 days, starting when a copy

of the objection is given to the applicant, or such longer period as

the Secretary considers to be reasonable in the circumstances, to

provide an answer to the objection.

(7) A quantity of propagating material of a plant variety that is lodged

with a genetic resource centre must be sufficient to enable that

variety to be kept in existence if there were no other propagating

material of plants of that variety.

(8) The delivery and storage of propagating material of a plant variety

does not affect the ownership of the material but the material must

not be dealt with otherwise than for the purposes of this Act.

(9) The propagating material of a plant stored at a genetic resource

centre may be used by the Secretary for the purposes of this Act,

including the purposes of section 19.

ComLaw Authoritative Act C2015C00084

Part 4 The grant and revocation of Plant Breeder’s Right

Division 1 Grant of Plant Breeder’s Right

Section 45

48 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

(10) PBR is granted to a person by the issue to that person by the

Secretary of a certificate in an approved form, signed by the

Secretary or the Registrar, containing such particulars of the plant

variety concerned as the Secretary considers appropriate.

(11) If the PBR is granted to persons who make a joint application for

the right, the right is to be granted to those persons jointly.

(12) If the Secretary refuses to grant PBR in a plant variety, the

Secretary must, within 30 days of so refusing, give written notice

to the applicant:

(a) telling the applicant of the refusal; and

(b) setting out the reasons for the refusal.

Note: A decision under this section to grant, or refuse to grant, PBR in a

plant variety is reviewable by the AAT under section 77.

45 Grant of PBR to be exclusive

(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), only one grant of PBR may be

made under this Act in relation to a plant variety.

(2) If 2 breeders lodge a joint application for PBR, the Registrar may

grant PBR to them jointly.

(3) If:

(a) a person is the grantee of PBR in a plant variety (the initial

variety); and

(b) another person is the grantee of PBR in another plant variety;

and

(c) the Secretary declares the other variety to be an essentially

derived variety of the initial variety;

subsection (1) does not prevent PBR in the initial variety extending

to the other variety.

46 Grant of PBR to be entered on Register

(1) When the Secretary grants PBR in a plant variety, the Registrar

must enter in the Register:

(a) a description, or description and photograph, of a plant of

that variety; and

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(b) the name of the variety and any proposed synonym; and

(c) the name of the grantee; and

(d) the name and address of the breeder; and

(e) the address for the service of documents on the grantee for

the purposes of this Act as shown on the application for the

right; and

(f) the day on which the right is granted; and

(g) such other particulars relating to the granting as the Registrar

considers appropriate.

(2) When the Secretary makes a declaration that a variety (the derived

variety) is essentially derived from another variety (the initial

variety), the Registrar must enter in the Register both in respect of

the derived variety and the initial variety:

(a) the fact that the declaration has been made; and

(b) the day on which the declaration was made.

47 Notice of grant of PBR

(1) The Secretary must, as soon as possible after granting PBR to a

person, give public notice of the grant in the Plant Varieties

Journal.

(2) The Secretary must, as soon as possible after the making of a

declaration that a plant variety is an essentially derived variety of

another plant variety, give public notice of the making of the

declaration in the Plant Varieties Journal.

48 Effect of grant of PBR

(1) If a person is granted PBR in a plant variety:

(a) any other person who was entitled to make, but had not

made, application for the right in the variety:

(i) ceases to be entitled to make such application; and

(ii) is not entitled to any interest in the right; and

(b) any other person who had made application for the right in

the variety:

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Division 1 Grant of Plant Breeder’s Right

Section 49

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(i) ceases to be entitled to have his or her application

considered or further considered; and

(ii) is not entitled to any interest in the right.

(2) Subsection (1) does not prevent a person:

(a) from applying for a revocation of the rights under section 50;

or

(b) from instituting proceedings before a court or the AAT in

relation to the right; or

(c) from requesting the Secretary to make a declaration under

section 40 that the plant variety in which the right was

granted is essentially derived from another plant variety in

which the person holds PBR.

(3) If:

(a) PBR in a particular plant variety is granted to a person; and

(b) another person (the eligible person) was entitled, at law or

equity, to an assignment of the right to make an application

for the PBR;

the eligible person is entitled to an assignment of the PBR.

49 PBR may be subject to conditions

(1) The Minister may, if the Minister thinks it necessary, in the public

interest, refer to the Plant Breeder’s Rights Advisory Committee

the question whether a grant of PBR, whether proposed or made,

should be subject to conditions.

(2) The Minister may, having regard to the views of the Plant

Breeder’s Rights Advisory Committee on a matter referred under

subsection (1), impose such conditions on PBR that is to be granted

or that has been granted as the Minister considers appropriate.

(3) If the Minister imposes conditions on PBR:

(a) the Secretary must give public notice of those conditions and

give the grantee a copy of the instrument setting them out;

and

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(b) the Registrar must enter details of those conditions in the

Register.

Note: A decision under this section by the Minister to make a grant subject

to conditions is reviewable by the AAT under section 77.

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Part 4 The grant and revocation of Plant Breeder’s Right

Division 2 Revocation of Plant Breeder’s Right or declaration of essential derivation

Section 50

52 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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Division 2—Revocation of Plant Breeder’s Right or

declaration of essential derivation

50 Revocation of PBR

(1) The Secretary must revoke PBR in a plant variety or a declaration

that a plant variety is essentially derived from another plant variety

if:

(a) the Secretary becomes satisfied that facts existed that, if

known before the grant of that right or the making of that

declaration, would have resulted in the refusal to grant that

right or make that declaration; or

(b) the grantee has failed to pay a fee payable in respect of that

right or of that declaration within 30 days after having been

given notice that the fee has become payable.

(2) The Secretary may revoke PBR in a plant variety if:

(a) the Secretary is satisfied that a person to whom that right has

been assigned or transmitted has failed to comply with

section 21; or

(aa) the Secretary is satisfied that the grantee, without reasonable

excuse, has failed to comply with the requirements of a

notice under section 37; or

(b) the Secretary is satisfied that the grantee has failed to comply

with a condition imposed under section 49.

(3) If the Secretary revokes PBR in a plant variety or a declaration that

a plant variety is essentially derived from another plant variety, the

Secretary must, within 7 days after the decision to revoke was

taken, by notice given to the grantee of the right that has been

revoked or of the right that is affected by the giving of the

declaration of essential derivation, tell that grantee of the decision

and set out the reasons for the revocation.

(4) The Secretary must not revoke PBR under this section unless:

(a) the Secretary has given the grantee, or any person to whom

the Secretary believes that right has been assigned or

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transmitted, particulars of the grounds of the proposed

revocation; and

(b) the grantee or that other person has had 30 days after being

given those particulars to make a written statement to the

Secretary in relation to the proposed revocation.

(5) The Secretary must not under this section, revoke a declaration that

a plant variety is essentially derived from another plant variety (the

initial variety) unless:

(a) the Secretary has given the grantee of PBR in the initial

variety, or any person to whom the Secretary believes that

that PBR has been assigned or transmitted, particulars of the

grounds of the proposed revocation of that declaration of

essential derivation; and

(b) the grantee or that other person has had 30 days after being

given those particulars to make a written statement to the

Secretary in relation to the proposed revocation.

(6) The revocation of PBR in a plant variety or of a declaration that a

plant variety is essentially derived from another plant variety takes

effect:

(a) if no application for review of the revocation is made to the

AAT—at the end of the period within which such an

application might be made; or

(b) if such an application is made—at the time when the

application is withdrawn, or finally determined, whether by

the Tribunal or by a court.

(7) Nothing in this section affects the power of the Court under

subsection 44A(2) of the AAT Act.

(8) A person whose interests are affected by the grant of PBR in a

plant variety may apply to the Secretary, in writing, for the

revocation of the right.

(9) A person whose interests are affected by the making of a

declaration that a plant variety is essentially derived from another

plant variety may apply to the Secretary, in writing, for a

revocation of that declaration.

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Part 4 The grant and revocation of Plant Breeder’s Right

Division 2 Revocation of Plant Breeder’s Right or declaration of essential derivation

Section 51

54 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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(9A) An application under subsection (8) or (9) is of no effect unless it

is accompanied by the prescribed fee.

(10) If the Secretary decides not to revoke PBR in a plant variety in

accordance with an application under subsection (8) or not to

revoke a declaration of essential derivation in accordance with

subsection (9), the Secretary must, within 7 days of making that

decision, by notice in writing to the person who applied for the

revocation, tell the person of the decision and set out the reasons

for the decision.

Note: A decision under this section to revoke, or refuse to revoke, PBR or a

declaration of essential derivation is reviewable by the AAT under

section 77.

51 Entry of particulars of revocation

(1) If:

(a) PBR in a plant variety is revoked in accordance with

section 50; or

(b) the Secretary is served with a copy of an order of a court

given under subsection 54(3) revoking that right;

the Secretary must:

(c) enter particulars of the revocation in the Register; and

(d) give public notice of the revocation.

(2) If the holder of PBR in a plant variety fails to pay the prescribed

annual fee for the renewal of the right by the last day for payment

of that fee, the holder is taken to have surrendered the right.

(3) The Secretary must:

(a) enter particulars of the surrender in the Register; and

(b) give public notice of the surrender.

52 Surrender of PBR

The holder of PBR in a plant variety may, at any time, by written

notice to the Secretary, offer to surrender that right.

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Part 5—Enforcement of Plant Breeder’s Right

53 Infringement of PBR

(1) Subject to sections 16, 17, 18, 19 and 23, PBR in a plant variety is

infringed by:

(a) a person doing, without, or otherwise than in accordance

with, authorisation from the grantee of the right, an act

referred to in a paragraph of section 11 in respect of the

variety or of a dependent variety; or

(b) a person claiming, without, or otherwise than in accordance

with, authorisation from the grantee of that right, the right to

do an act referred to in a paragraph of section 11 in respect of

that variety or of a dependent variety; or

(c) a person using a name of the variety that is entered in the

Register in relation to:

(i) any other plant variety of the same plant class; or

(ii) a plant of any other variety of the same plant class.

(1A) To avoid doubt, an infringement of PBR in a plant variety under

paragraph (1)(c) can include using a synonym in relation to the

name of a plant variety, if that synonym is entered in the Register

under paragraph 46(1)(b).

(2) If a plant variety (the derived variety) has been declared to be an

essentially derived variety of another plant variety (the initial

variety), the reference in paragraphs (1)(a) and (b) to authorisation

from the grantee of the right means, in relation to the derived

variety, authorisation from both the grantee of PBR in the derived

variety and from the grantee of PBR in the initial variety.

(3) In this section, a reference to the grantee of PBR in a plant variety

includes a reference to a person who has, by assignment or

transmission, become the holder of that right.

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Part 5 Enforcement of Plant Breeder’s Right

Section 54

56 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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54 Actions for infringement

(1) An action for infringement of PBR in a plant variety may be begun

in the Court only by the grantee.

(2) A defendant in an action for infringement of PBR in a plant variety

may apply, by way of counterclaim, for revocation of that right on

the ground that:

(a) the variety was not a new plant variety; or

(b) facts exist that would have resulted in the refusal of the grant

of that right if they had been known to the Secretary before

the grant of that right.

(3) If, in an action for infringement of PBR in a plant variety:

(a) the defendant applies, by way of counterclaim, for the

revocation of that right; and

(b) the Court is satisfied that a ground for revocation of that right

exists;

the Court may make an order revoking that right.

(4) If the Court revoked PBR in a plant variety on the counterclaim of

a defendant, the Court may order the defendant to serve on the

Registrar a copy of the order revoking that right.

55 Declarations as to non-infringement

(1) A person who proposes to perform an act described in a paragraph

of section 11 in relation to the propagating material of a plant

variety may, by an action in the Court against the grantee of PBR

in a plant variety, apply for a declaration that the performance of

that act would not constitute an infringement of that right.

(2) A person may apply for a declaration whether or not there has been

an assertion of an infringement of PBR by the grantee of that right.

(3) The Court must not make such a declaration unless:

(a) the person proposing to perform the act:

(i) has applied in writing to the grantee of the PBR

concerned for an admission that the proposed

performance of the act would not infringe that right; and

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(ii) has given the grantee full written particulars of the

propagating material concerned; and

(iii) has undertaken to repay all expenses reasonably

incurred by the grantee in obtaining advice in the

declaration; and

(b) the grantee has refused or failed to make such an admission.

(4) The costs of all parties in proceedings for a declaration under this

section are to be paid by the person seeking the declaration unless

the Court otherwise orders.

(5) The validity of a grant of PBR in a plant variety is not to be called

in question in proceedings for a declaration under this section.

(6) The making of, or the refusal to make, a declaration under this

section does not imply that a grant of PBR in a plant variety is, or

is not, valid.

56 Jurisdiction of Court

(1) The Court has jurisdiction with respect to matters in which actions

may, under this Part, be begun in the Court.

(2) That jurisdiction is exclusive of the jurisdiction of all other courts,

other than the jurisdiction of the High Court under section 75 of the

Constitution.

(3) The relief that the Court may grant in an action or proceeding for

infringement of PBR includes an injunction (subject to such terms,

if any, as the Court thinks fit) and, at the option of the plaintiff,

either damages or an account of profits.

(4) The regulations may make provision in relation to the practice and

procedure of the Court in actions under this Act, including

provision prescribing the time within which any action may be

begun, or any other act or thing may be done, and providing for the

extension of any such time.

(5) Subsection (4) does not limit the power of the Judges of the Court

or a majority of them to make rules of Court under section 59 of

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Section 57

58 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 that are consistent with the

regulations referred to in that subsection.

57 Innocent infringement

(1) The Court may refuse to award damages, or to make an order for

an account of profits, against a person in an action for infringement

of PBR in a plant variety, if the person satisfies the Court that, at

the time of the infringement, the person was not aware of, and had

no reasonable grounds for suspecting, the existence of that right.

(2) If the propagating material of plants of the plant variety, labelled so

as to indicate that PBR is held in the variety in Australia, has been

sold to a substantial extent before the date of the infringement, the

person against whom the action for infringement is brought is

taken to have been aware of the existence of PBR in the variety,

unless the contrary is established.

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Administration Part 6

Section 58

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Part 6—Administration

58 Registrar of Plant Breeder’s Rights

(1) There is established by this section a Registrar of Plant Breeder’s

Rights.

(2) The office of the Registrar of Plant Breeder’s Rights is an office in

the Department.

(3) The Registrar has the functions and powers:

(a) that are conferred on the Registrar by this Act or by the

regulations; or

(b) that are delegated to the Registrar by the Secretary under

section 59.

59 Delegation

Delegation of Minister’s statutory powers and functions

(1) The Minister may, by signed instrument, delegate to the Registrar,

or to an SES employee, or acting SES employee, in the

Department, any of the powers or functions of the Minister under

this Act or the regulations.

Delegation of Secretary’s statutory powers and functions

(2) The Secretary may, by signed instrument, delegate to the Registrar,

or to an SES employee, or acting SES employee, in the

Department, any of the powers or functions of the Secretary under

this Act or the regulations.

Delegation of Registrar’s statutory powers and functions

(3) The Registrar may, by signed instrument, delegate to a prescribed

employee, or employees in a prescribed class, any of the powers or

functions of the Registrar under this Act or the regulations.

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Part 6 Administration

Section 60

60 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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Subdelegation of delegated powers and functions

(4) A person to whom a power or function under this Act or the

regulations has been delegated by the Minister or the Secretary

under subsection (1) or (2) may, by signed instrument, delegate the

power or function to a prescribed employee, or employees in a

prescribed class.

(5) A power or function that is exercised or performed by an employee

under a delegation under subsection (4) is taken, for the purposes

of this Act and the regulations, to have been exercised or

performed by the person who originally delegated the

corresponding power or function under subsection (1) or (2).

Requirement to act under direction or supervision

(6) If required by an instrument under subsection (3) or (4) delegating

a power or function to an employee, the employee must exercise

the power or perform the function under the direction or

supervision of:

(a) the person who delegated the power or function to the

employee; or

(b) another employee specified in the instrument.

This subsection applies whether the instrument identifies the

employee specifically or by reference to a class.

Definition

(7) In subsections (3), (4), (5) and (6):

employee means a person who is engaged under the Public Service

Act 1999 or otherwise for or on behalf of the Commonwealth and

whose duties involve providing assistance to the Registrar.

60 Certain persons not to acquire PBR

(1) A person must not apply for, or otherwise acquire, except than by

will or by operation of law, PBR in a plant variety or an interest in

such right if the person has during the 12 months before the

application, held, or performed the duties of:

(a) the office of Secretary; or

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(b) the office of Registrar of Plant Breeder’s Rights; or

(c) an office in the Department the duties of which involve

providing assistance to the Registrar.

Penalty: 60 penalty units.

(2) A grant of PBR applied for in contravention of subsection (1) or an

acquisition of PBR in contravention of that subsection is void.

61 Register of Plant Varieties

(1) The Registrar must keep a register, to be known as the Register of

Plant Varieties, at a place approved by the Secretary.

(1A) The Registrar must maintain, for the purposes of this Act, a list of

all plant classes to be known as the Registrar’s List of Plant

Classes.

(1B) In maintaining that list the Registrar must, for so long as the Union

maintains the document presently known as the List of Classes for

Variety Denomination Purposes, have regard to that list and to any

variations to that list as so maintained.

(1C) The list maintained by the Registrar must be kept as a part of the

Register.

(2) In order to foster public access to the information contained in the

Register, the Registrar may disseminate that information on the

internet or in such other manner as the Registrar considers most

likely to enhance its accessibility.

62 Inspection of Register

(1) A person may inspect the Register at any reasonable time.

(2) A person is entitled, on payment of such fee (if any) as is

prescribed, to be given a copy of an entry in the Register.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), a reference to an entry in the

Register does not include a reference to the Registrar’s List of

Plant Classes or to any part of that list.

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Part 7 Plant Breeder’s Rights Advisory Committee

Section 63

62 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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Part 7—Plant Breeder’s Rights Advisory

Committee

63 Establishment of Advisory Committee

(1) There is established by this section a Committee by the name of the

Plant Breeder’s Rights Advisory Committee.

(2) The functions of the Advisory Committee are:

(a) at the request of the Minister, to advise the Minister on the

desirability of declaring:

(i) in regulations made for the purpose of

subsection 17(2)—that subsection 17(1) does not apply

to a particular taxon; or

(ii) in regulations made for the purpose of

subsection 22(3)—that the duration of PBR in a

particular taxon will be longer than provided in

subsection 22(2); or

(iii) in regulations made for the purpose of

subsection 42(1)—that a particular taxon is a taxon to

which this Act does not apply; and

(aa) at the request of the Minister, to advise the Minister on the

question of whether an existing, or proposed, grant of PBR

should be subject to conditions; and

(b) to advise the Registrar on such technical matters arising

under this Act, and such other matters relating to the

administration of this Act, as the Registrar refers to the

Advisory Committee.

64 Membership of Advisory Committee

(1) The Advisory Committee consists of:

(a) the Registrar; and

(b) 2 members who, in the opinion of the Minister, are

appropriate persons to represent breeders, and likely

breeders, of new plant varieties; and

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(c) one member who, in the opinion of the Minister, is an

appropriate person to represent users, and likely users, of

new plant varieties; and

(d) one member who, in the opinion of the Minister, is an

appropriate person to represent the interests of consumers,

and likely consumers, of new plant varieties or of the

products of new plant varieties; and

(e) one member who will represent the conservation interests in

relation to new plant varieties and the potential impacts of

new plant varieties; and

(f) one member who will represent indigenous Australian

interests in relation to new plant varieties and the source, use

and impacts of new plant varieties; and

(g) 2 other members who, in the opinion of the Minister, possess

qualifications or experience that are appropriate for a

member of the Advisory Committee.

(2) The members, other than the Registrar, must be appointed by the

Minister.

(3) The members, other than the Registrar, hold office as part-time

members.

(4) Each member, other than the Registrar, holds office for the period,

not exceeding 3 years, that is specified in the instrument of

appointment, but is eligible for re-appointment.

(5) The Minister may terminate the appointment of a member, other

than the Registrar, for misbehaviour or for physical or mental

incapacity.

(6) The Minister must terminate the appointment of a member, other

than the Registrar, if the member:

(a) becomes bankrupt, applies to take the benefit of any law for

the relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors, compounds with

his or her creditors or makes an assignment of his or her

remuneration for their benefit; or

(b) fails, without reasonable excuse, to disclose any interest in a

matter required to be disclosed under section 66.

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Section 65

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(7) If a person’s appointment as a member is terminated under

subsection (6), the Minister must give the person a written notice

informing the person of the termination and setting out the reasons

for the termination.

(8) A member, other than the Registrar, may resign his or her office by

writing signed by the member and delivered to the Minister.

65 Remuneration and allowances

(1) The members referred to in paragraphs 64(1)(b), (c), (d), (e), (f)

and (g) must be paid:

(a) such remuneration as is determined by the Remuneration

Tribunal; and

(b) such allowances as are prescribed.

(2) Subsection (1) has effect subject to the Remuneration Tribunal Act

1973.

66 Disclosure of interests

(1) A member who has a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in a

matter being considered at a meeting of the Advisory Committee

must, as soon as possible after the relevant facts have come to the

member’s knowledge, disclose the nature of the interest at the

meeting.

(2) A disclosure must:

(a) be recorded in the minutes of the meeting of the Advisory

Committee; and

(b) be made known in any advice given by the Committee in

relation to that matter.

67 Meetings

(1) The Registrar may convene such meetings of the Advisory

Committee as are necessary for the purposes of the performance of

the functions of the Advisory Committee.

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(2) At a meeting of the Advisory Committee, 5 members constitute a

quorum.

(3) The Registrar presides at a meeting of the Advisory Committee at

which the Registrar is present.

(4) If the Registrar is not present, the members present must elect one

of their number to preside at the meeting.

(5) Subject to subsection (2), the Advisory Committee may determine

the procedure to be followed at a meeting of the Committee.

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Part 8 Miscellaneous

Section 68

66 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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Part 8—Miscellaneous

68 Public notices

(1) The Secretary must issue a journal, to be called the Plant Varieties

Journal, at least 4 times each year.

(2) Any public notice that the Secretary is required to make under this

Act must be published in the Journal.

(3) Public notice of any matter additional to the matters referred to in

subsection (2) that the Secretary considers it necessary or desirable

to publicise may also be published in the Journal.

(4) If the Secretary considers it desirable to give additional public

notice of matters by publishing notices of those matters in a

periodical other than the Journal, the Secretary may arrange for, or

consent to, the giving of additional public notice of those matters in

the periodical.

69 Notices inviting submissions in respect of certain regulations

(1) Regulations must not be made for the purposes of subsection 17(2),

22(3) or 42(1) unless, before the making of the regulations and

before the Minister seeks any advice from the Advisory Committee

concerning those regulations:

(a) the Minister has, in accordance with section 68, given public

notice of the Minister’s intention to make a regulation for the

purposes of that subsection in relation to a particular taxon

that is specified in the notice; and

(b) the notice has given a broad indication of the objectives of

the intended regulations and invited persons to make

submissions to the Minister concerning it within a period of

30 days after the publication of the notice.

(2) If the Minister receives, in accordance with an invitation in a

public notice under subsection (1), a submission concerning an

intended regulation, the Minister must have regard to the

submission so made.

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(3) If the Minister seeks advice of the Advisory Committee concerning

an intended regulation, the Minister may comply with

subsection (2):

(a) by providing to the Committee, at the time of requesting the

advice of that Committee, a copy of all submissions received;

and

(b) requesting the Advisory Committee to have regard to those

submissions in preparing its advice to the Minister.

70 Genetic resource centres

(1) If, in the opinion of the Secretary, a place is suitable for the storage

and maintenance of germplasm material, the Secretary may, by

notice in writing, declare that place to be a genetic resource centre

for the purposes of this Act.

(2) The person in charge of a genetic resource centre may do all things

necessary to maintain the viability of propagating material stored at

that centre.

71 The herbarium

If, in the opinion of the Secretary, an organisation has facilities

suitable for the storage of plant specimens, the Secretary may, by

notice in writing, declare the organisation to be the herbarium for

the purposes of this Act.

72 Agents may act in matters relating to PBR

Subject to any other law of the Commonwealth, including the High

Court Rules and the Federal Court Rules, an application, a written

submission or any other document may be prepared or lodged, and

any business may be transacted, for the purposes of this Act, by

one person on behalf of another person.

73 Service of documents

If the Secretary or the Registrar is required by this Act to give a

written notice or other document to an applicant for, or a grantee

of, PBR, that notice or other document may be given by being

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posted by pre-paid post as a letter addressed to the applicant or the

grantee at the address for service shown on the application or

entered in the Register, as the case requires.

74 Infringement offences

(1) A person must not, in relation to propagating material of a plant

variety in which PBR has been granted, do any of the acts referred

to in a paragraph of section 11 if such an act would, under

section 53, infringe the PBR in the variety.

Penalty: 500 penalty units.

(1A) In subsection (1), strict liability applies to the physical element of

circumstance, that the infringement of the PBR would be under

section 53.

Note: For strict liability, see section 6.1 of the Criminal Code.

(2) The fact that an action for infringement has been brought against a

person under section 54 in respect of a particular act does not

prevent a prosecution under this section in respect of the same act.

75 Offences other than infringement offences

(1) A person must not make a false statement in an application or other

document given to the Secretary or the Registrar for the purposes

of this Act.

Penalty: 6 months imprisonment.

(2) A person who is not the grantee of PBR in a plant variety must not

represent to another person that he or she is the grantee of PBR in

that variety.

Penalty: 60 penalty units.

(3) A person must not represent to another person that PBR granted to

that first-mentioned person in a plant variety extends to cover

another plant variety that is not:

(a) a dependent variety of the first-mentioned variety; or

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(b) a variety that has been declared to be an essentially derived

variety of the first-mentioned variety.

Penalty: 60 penalty units.

(4) A person must not represent to another person that a plant of a

variety in which PBR has not been granted is a plant of a variety in

which PBR has been granted.

Penalty: 60 penalty units.

76 Conduct by directors, employees and agents

(1) If, in proceedings for an offence against section 74 or 75, it is

necessary to establish the state of mind of a body corporate in

relation to particular conduct, it is sufficient to show:

(a) that the conduct was engaged in by a director, employee or

agent of the body corporate, within the scope of his or her

actual or apparent authority; and

(b) that the director, employee or agent had the state of mind.

(2) Any conduct engaged in on behalf of a body corporate by a

director, employee or agent of the body corporate within the scope

of his or her actual or apparent authority is to be taken, for the

purposes of a prosecution for an offence against section 74 or 75,

to have been engaged in also by the body corporate unless the body

corporate establishes that the body corporate took reasonable

precautions and exercised due diligence to avoid the conduct.

(3) If, in proceedings for an offence against section 74 or 75, it is

necessary to establish the state of mind of a person other than a

body corporate in relation to a particular conduct, it is sufficient to

show:

(a) that the conduct was engaged in by an employee or agent of

the person, within the scope of his or her actual or apparent

authority; and

(b) that the employee or agent had the state of mind.

(4) Any conduct engaged in on behalf of a person other than a body

corporate by an employee or agent of the person within the scope

of his or her actual or apparent authority is to be taken, for the

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70 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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purposes of a prosecution for an offence against section 74 or 75,

to have been engaged in also by the first-mentioned person unless

the first-mentioned person establishes that the first-mentioned

person took reasonable precautions and exercised due diligence to

avoid the conduct.

(5) If:

(a) a person other than a body corporate is convicted of an

offence; and

(b) the person would not have been convicted for the offence if

subsections (3) and (4) had not been enacted;

the person is not liable to be punished by imprisonment for that

offence.

(6) A reference in subsection (1) or (3) to the state of mind of a person

includes a reference to:

(a) the knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose of the

person; and

(b) the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or

purpose.

(7) A reference in this section to a director of a body corporate

includes a reference to a constituent member of a body corporate

incorporated for a public purpose by a law of the Commonwealth,

of a State or of a Territory.

(8) A reference in this section to engaging in conduct includes a

reference to failing or refusing to engage in conduct.

(9) A reference in this section to an offence against section 74 or 75

includes a reference to an offence:

(a) against section 6 of the Crimes Act 1914; or

(b) that is taken to have been committed because of section 11.2

or 11.2A of the Criminal Code; or

(c) against section 11.1, 11.4 or 11.5 of the Criminal Code;

that relates to section 74 or 75 of this Act.

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Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 71

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76A Doing act when PBR office reopens after end of period

otherwise provided for doing act

(1) If the last day of a period provided by this Act (except this section)

or the regulations for doing an act is a day when the PBR office or

a PBR sub-office is not open for business, the act may be done in

prescribed circumstances on the next day when the office or

sub-office is open for business.

(2) For the purposes of this section, the PBR office or a PBR

sub-office is taken not to be open for business on a day:

(a) declared by regulations to be a day on which the office or

sub-office is not open for business; or

(b) declared, by a prescribed person in writing published in the

prescribed way, to be a day on which the office or sub-office

is not open for business.

Declarations

(3) A declaration mentioned in paragraph (2)(a) or (b) may identify the

day by reference to its being declared a public holiday by or under

a law of a State or Territory. This does not limit the way the

declaration may identify the day.

(4) A declaration mentioned in paragraph (2)(b):

(a) may be made before, on or after the day; and

(b) is not a legislative instrument.

Relationship with other law

(5) This section has effect despite the rest of this Act.

(6) Subsection 36(2) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 does not

apply in relation to the act mentioned in subsection (1) of this

section.

Exception for prescribed act

(7) This section does not apply to a prescribed act.

Note: Subsection 36(2) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 is relevant to a

prescribed act.

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Section 77

72 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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77 Applications for review

(1) Applications may be made to the AAT for review of:

(a) a decision by the Minister under subsection 49(2); or

(b) a decision by the Secretary:

(i) under subsection 19(7) to exercise a power under

subsection 19(3); or

(ii) under subsection 19(3) to license, or refuse to license, a

person who applied to be so licensed in response to an

invitation under paragraph 19(8)(c); or

(iii) under subsection 19(10) to make propagating material

available; or

(iv) under subsection 19(11) to certify, or to refuse to

certify, a plant variety; or

(v) under section 30 to accept or reject an application; or

(vi) under section 31 to vary, or refuse to vary, an

application; or

(vii) under subsection 34(1) refusing to extend the period for

giving a detailed description; or

(viii) under section 37 to require a test growing; or

(viiia) under paragraph 37(2B)(b) not to proceed further with

an application, objection or request for revocation; or

(ix) under subsection 38(4) to the effect that the Secretary is

satisfied of the matters referred to in that subsection; or

(x) under subsection 38(5) to the effect that the Secretary is

satisfied of the matters referred to in that subsection; or

(xi) under subsection 39(2) to issue a notice to an applicant;

or

(xii) under paragraph 40(8)(b) refusing to extend the period

for rebutting the prima facie case of essential derivation;

or

(xiii) under section 40 in respect of an application for a

declaration of essential derivation; or

(xiv) under section 41 to require a test growing; or

(xv) under section 44 to grant, or refuse to grant, PBR in a

plant variety; or

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Section 78

Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 73

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(xvi) under section 50 to revoke, or not to revoke, PBR in a

plant variety or a declaration that a plant variety is

essentially derived from another plant variety; or

(c) a decision of the Registrar under section 21 to amend, or

refuse to amend, the Register.

(2) The AAT does not have power under subsection 29(7) of the AAT

Act to extend the time for making an application to that Tribunal

for a review of a decision referred to in subsection (1).

(3) The Secretary must give public notice of:

(a) any application made under subsection (1); and

(b) any decision of the AAT on such an application; and

(c) any decision of a court in relation to, or arising out of:

(i) such an application; or

(ii) a decision of the AAT on such an application.

(4) In this section:

decision has the same meaning as in the AAT Act.

78 Repeal

The Plant Variety Rights Act 1987 is repealed.

79 Compensation for acquisition of property

(1) If, apart from this section, the operation of this Act would result in

an acquisition of property from a person otherwise than on just

terms, the Commonwealth is to pay the person such reasonable

amount of compensation as is agreed on between the person and

the Commonwealth, or failing agreement, as is determined by a

court of competent jurisdiction.

(2) Any damages or compensation recovered, or other remedy given,

in proceedings that are begun otherwise than under this section

must be taken into account in assessing compensation payable in

proceedings begun under this section and arising out of the same

event or circumstance.

(3) In this section:

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Section 80

74 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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acquisition of property has the same meaning as in

paragraph 51(xxxi) of the Constitution.

just terms has the same meaning as in paragraph 51(xxxi) of the

Constitution.

80 Regulations

(1) The Governor-General may make regulations prescribing all

matters:

(a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed; or

(b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or

giving effect to this Act.

(2) Without limiting subsection (1), that subsection includes the power

to make regulations:

(a) prescribing fees including:

(i) fees payable in respect of the making of applications for

PBR, the examination of those applications and the

issue of certificates in respect of the grant of PBR; and

(ii) fees payable in respect of the making of applications for

declarations of essential derivation, the examination of

those applications and the making of those declarations;

and

(iii) fees payable by grantees of PBR at specified intervals or

on specified dates; and

(iv) fees payable in respect of costs incurred by the

Secretary in respect of the conduct or supervision of the

test growing of plants;

and, if the matter is not dealt with by another provision of

this Act, specifying the time at which, or the circumstances in

which, such fees are to be paid and the manner of payment of

such fees; and

(b) making provision in relation to the refund, in specified

circumstances, of the whole or part of a fee paid under this

Act; and

(c) making provision in relation to the remission of, or the

exemption of specified classes of persons from the payment

of, the whole or a part of a fee; and

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(d) making provision in relation to the amendment of an entry in

the Register to correct a clerical error or an obvious mistake;

and

(e) making such transitional and saving provisions as are

necessary or convenient as a result of the repeal of the Plant

Variety Rights Act 1987 and the enactment of this Act.

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Section 81

76 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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Part 9—Transitional

81 Definitions

In this Part:

commencing day means the day on which, in accordance with

section 2, this Act commences.

old Act means the Plant Variety Rights Act 1987.

82 Plant variety rights under old Act to be treated as PBR under

this Act

(1) If:

(a) a person was granted plant variety rights in respect of a plant

variety under the old Act; and

(b) those rights were still in force immediately before the

commencing day;

then, subject to the regulations, those rights have effect, despite the

repeal of the old Act, on and after that day, as if:

(c) this Act had been in force at the time when those rights were

granted; and

(d) they had been granted at that time as PBR in that variety.

(2) Despite subsection (1), rights treated as if they had been granted as

PBR under this Act continue in force for so long only as they

would have continued in force if the old Act had not been repealed.

(3) Nothing in this section gives the holder of rights treated as PBR in

a particular plant variety under this Act the right to claim PBR in

respect of plant varieties that would, under this Act, be dependent

plant varieties in relation to that particular plant variety.

(4) Nothing in this section gives the holder of rights treated as PBR in

a particular plant variety under this Act the right to seek a

declaration that another plant variety is an essentially derived

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Section 83

Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 77

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variety of the particular plant variety unless PBR in that other plant

variety was given only on or after the commencing day.

83 Applications for plant variety rights lodged and criminal

proceedings begun before commencing day

(1) If, before the commencing day:

(a) a person has made application for plant variety rights under

the old Act; but

(b) the application has not been finally disposed of under that

Act;

the provisions of the old Act are taken to continue in force, for the

purpose of dealing with the application, and any objection that has

been made before that day, or is made after that day, in relation to

the application.

(2) If before the commencing day, criminal proceedings had been

begun under the old Act but those proceedings had not been finally

determined before that day, the provisions of the old Act are taken

to continue in force, for the purposes of those proceedings.

84 Other applications and proceedings under old Act

(1) Subject to the regulations, this Act applies, on and after the

commencing day, to any application, request, action or proceeding

made or started under the old Act and not finally dealt with or

determined under that Act before that day as if the application,

request, action or proceeding had been made or started under a

corresponding provision of this Act.

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply in relation to an application for plant

variety rights, or to criminal proceedings, covered by section 83.

85 Transitional arrangements for membership and functions of

Advisory Committee

(1) The persons who, under the old Act, were members of the Plant

Variety Rights Advisory Committee established under section 44

of that Act are to be taken, with effect from the commencing day,

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Section 86

78 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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to be members of the Plant Breeder’s Rights Advisory Committee

established by section 63 of this Act.

(2) Those members who were appointed by the Minister under

section 45 of the old Act continue to hold office as if they had been

appointed by the Minister under section 64 of the new Act on the

same terms and conditions for the balance of the term of their

respective appointments.

(3) Any advice given to the Minister or to the Secretary by the Plant

Variety Rights Advisory Committee has effect, on and after the

commencing day, as if it had been given by the Plant Breeder’s

Rights Advisory Committee.

86 Register of Plant Varieties

On and after the commencing day, the Register of Plant Varieties

under the old Act is taken to form part of the Register of Plant

Varieties under this Act.

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Endnotes

Endnote 1—About the endnotes

The endnotes provide information about this compilation and the compiled law.

The following endnotes are included in every compilation:

Endnote 1—About the endnotes

Endnote 2—Abbreviation key

Endnote 3—Legislation history

Endnote 4—Amendment history

Endnotes about misdescribed amendments and other matters are included in a

compilation only as necessary.

Abbreviation key—Endnote 2

The abbreviation key sets out abbreviations that may be used in the endnotes.

Legislation history and amendment history—Endnotes 3 and 4

Amending laws are annotated in the legislation history and amendment history.

The legislation history in endnote 3 provides information about each law that

has amended (or will amend) the compiled law. The information includes

commencement details for amending laws and details of any application, saving

or transitional provisions that are not included in this compilation.

The amendment history in endnote 4 provides information about amendments at

the provision (generally section or equivalent) level. It also includes information

about any provision of the compiled law that has been repealed in accordance

with a provision of the law.

Misdescribed amendments

A misdescribed amendment is an amendment that does not accurately describe

the amendment to be made. If, despite the misdescription, the amendment can

be given effect as intended, the amendment is incorporated into the compiled

law and the abbreviation “(md)” added to the details of the amendment included

in the amendment history.

If a misdescribed amendment cannot be given effect as intended, the

amendment is set out in the endnotes.

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80 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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Endnote 2—Abbreviation key

A = Act orig = original

ad = added or inserted par = paragraph(s)/subparagraph(s)

am = amended /sub-subparagraph(s)

amdt = amendment pres = present

c = clause(s) prev = previous

C[x] = Compilation No. x (prev…) = previously

Ch = Chapter(s) Pt = Part(s)

def = definition(s) r = regulation(s)/rule(s)

Dict = Dictionary Reg = Regulation/Regulations

disallowed = disallowed by Parliament reloc = relocated

Div = Division(s) renum = renumbered

exp = expires/expired or ceases/ceased to have rep = repealed

effect rs = repealed and substituted

F = Federal Register of Legislative Instruments s = section(s)/subsection(s)

gaz = gazette Sch = Schedule(s)

LI = Legislative Instrument Sdiv = Subdivision(s)

LIA = Legislative Instruments Act 2003 SLI = Select Legislative Instrument

(md) = misdescribed amendment SR = Statutory Rules

mod = modified/modification Sub-Ch = Sub-Chapter(s)

No. = Number(s) SubPt = Subpart(s)

o = order(s) underlining = whole or part not

Ord = Ordinance commenced or to be commenced

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Compilation No. 13 Compilation date: 25/3/15 Registered: 25/3/15

Endnote 3—Legislation history

Act Number

and year

Assent Commencement Application,

saving and

transitional

provisions

Plant Breeder’s Rights

Act 1994

110, 1994 5 Sept 1994 10 Nov 1994 (s 2(1) and

gaz 1994, No S392)

Agriculture, Fisheries

and Forestry Legislation

Amendment Act (No. 1)

1999

4, 1999 31 Mar

1999

Sch 5: 31 Mar 1999 (s 2) —

Public Employment

(Consequential and

Transitional)

Amendment Act 1999

146, 1999 11 Nov

1999

Sch 1 (item 733): 5 Dec

1999 (s 2(1), (2) and gaz

1999, No S584)

—

Agriculture, Fisheries

and Forestry Legislation

Amendment Act (No. 2)

1999

170, 1999 10 Dec

1999

Sch 1: 10 Dec 1999

(s 2(1))

Sch 1 (item 7)

Agriculture, Fisheries

and Forestry Legislation

Amendment

(Application of Criminal

Code) Act 2001

115, 2001 18 Sept

2001

Sch 1 (items 244–247):

16 Oct 2001 (s 2)

s 4

Plant Breeder’s Rights

Amendment Act 2002

148, 2002 19 Dec

2002

20 Dec 2002 (s 2) Sch 1 (items 39–

45)

Intellectual Property

Laws Amendment Act

2006

106, 2006 27 Sept

2006

Sch 11 (items 1, 2),

Sch 14 and Sch 15

(items 2, 3): 28 Sept

2006 (s 2(1) items 11,

13)

Sch 12 (items 5–7): 27

Mar 2007 (s 2(1)

item 12)

Sch 11 (item 2),

Sch 14 (item 3)

and Sch 15

(item 3)

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82 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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Act Number

and year

Assent Commencement Application,

saving and

transitional

provisions

Personal Property

Securities

(Consequential

Amendments) Act 2009

131, 2009 14 Dec

2009

Sch 2 (items 16, 17): 30

Jan 2012 (s 2(1) item 1)

—

Crimes Legislation

Amendment (Serious

and Organised Crime)

Act (No. 2) 2010

4, 2010 19 Feb

2010

Sch 11 (item 15): 20 Feb

2010 (s 2(1) item 13)

—

Statute Law Revision

Act 2010

8, 2010 1 Mar 2010 Sch 1 (item 40) and

Sch 5 (item 137(a)):

1 Mar 2010 (s 2(1)

items 4, 38)

—

Statute Law Revision

Act 2011

5, 2011 22 Mar

2011

Sch 1 (item 92): 22 Mar

2011 (s 2(1) item 2)

—

Intellectual Property

Laws Amendment

(Raising the Bar) Act

2012

35, 2012 15 Apr

2012

Sch 6 (items 104–108):

15 Apr 2013 (s 2(1)

item 7)

—

Statute Law Revision

Act (No. 1) 2015

5, 2015 25 Feb

2015

Sch 3 (items 147–151):

25 Mar 2015 (s 2(1)

item 10)

—

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Endnote 4—Amendment history

Provision affected How affected

Part 1

s 3 ..................................................am No 4, 1999; No 148, 2002; No 106, 2006; No 35, 2012

s 7 ..................................................rep No 106, 2006

s 9A ...............................................ad No 115, 2001

Part 2

s 11 ................................................am No 148, 2002

s 18 ................................................rs No 148, 2002

s 20 ................................................am No 131, 2009

s 21 ................................................am No 170, 1999

s 23 ................................................am No 148, 2002

Part 3

Division 1

s 25 ................................................am No 131, 2009

s 26 ................................................am No 148, 2002

s 27 ................................................am No 4, 1999; No 148, 2002

s 28 ................................................am No 106, 2006

s 29 ................................................am No 148, 2002

s 30 ................................................am No 148, 2002

Division 2

s 34 ................................................am No 148, 2002

s 35 ................................................am No 170, 1999

s 36 ................................................am No 148, 2002

s 37 ................................................am No 170, 1999; No 148, 2002

Division 3

s 39 ................................................am No 148, 2002

Part 4

Division 1

s 43 ................................................am No 170, 1999; No 148, 2002; No 35, 2012

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84 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994

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Provision affected How affected

s 48 ................................................am No 148, 2002

s 49 ................................................am No 148, 2002

Division 2

s 50 ................................................am No 170, 1999; No 148, 2002

s 51 ................................................am No 5, 2011

Part 5

s 53 ................................................am No 4, 1999; No 148, 2002

s 54 ................................................am No 148, 2002

Part 6

s 59 ................................................am No 146, 1999

rs No 106, 2006

s 61 ................................................am Nos 4 and 170, 1999; No 8, 2010

s 62 ................................................am No 4, 1999

Part 7

s 63 ................................................am No 148, 2002

s 64 ................................................am No 148, 2002

s 65 ................................................am No 148, 2002

s 67 ................................................am No 148, 2002

Part 8

s 74 ................................................am No 115, 2001

s 75 ................................................am No 115, 2001

s 76 ................................................am No 4, 2010; No 5, 2015

s 76A .............................................ad No 106, 2006

s 77 ................................................am No 148, 2002

s 80 ................................................am No 170, 1999

Schedule ........................................am No 148, 2002; No 8, 2010

rep No 35, 2012

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